Magnetic resonance imaging for acute appendicitis in pregnancy: can clinical scores predict when imaging is needed?

Purpose: Advanced imaging may augment the diagnostic milieux for presumed acute appendicitis (AA) during pregnancy, however it is not clear when such imaging modalities are indicated. The aim of this study was to assess the sensitivity and specificity of clinical scoring systems with the findings on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of AA in pregnant patients.

Methods: A retrospective cohort study between 2019 and 2021 was performed in two tertiary level centers.

Age-related Changes of the Prostate on Magnetic Resonance Imaging: Quantitative and Qualitative Evaluation in a Screening Cohort of BRCA Mutation Carriers.

Background: Age-related changes in multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) of the prostate have been reported in the general population but not in screening cohorts.

Objectives: To evaluate age-related changes on prostatic mpMRI in a screening cohort of BRCA1/2 mutation carriers.

Methods: Asymptomatic BRCA1/2 mutation carriers underwent mpMRI as part of a screening program.

Distribution of Aeration and Pulmonary Blood Volume in Healthy, ARDS and COVID-19 Lungs: A Dual-Energy Computed Tomography Retrospective Cohort Study.

Rationale And Objectives: Few reports have studied lung aeration and perfusion in normal lungs, COVID-19, and ARDS from other causes (NC-ARDS) using dual-energy computed tomography pulmonary angiograms (DE-CTPA). To describe lung aeration and blood-volume distribution using DE-CTPAs of patients with NC-ARDS, COVID-19, and controls with a normal DE-CTPA ("healthy lungs"). We hypothesized that each of these conditions has unique ranges of aeration and pulmonary blood volumes.

An unexpected cause of colitis.

Gastrointestinal manifestations are common among patients with advanced kidney disease. Common symptoms include poor appetite, nausea, and vomiting. Prevalent lesions include esophagitis, gastritis, and duodenitis.

COVID-19 classification of X-ray images using deep neural networks.

Objectives: In the midst of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak, chest X-ray (CXR) imaging is playing an important role in diagnosis and monitoring of patients with COVID-19. We propose a deep learning model for detection of COVID-19 from CXRs, as well as a tool for retrieving similar patients according to the model's results on their CXRs. For training and evaluating our model, we collected CXRs from inpatients hospitalized in four different hospitals.

Diffusion Is Directional: Innovative Diffusion Tensor Imaging to Improve Prostate Cancer Detection.

In the prostate, water diffusion is faster when moving parallel to duct and gland walls than when moving perpendicular to them, but these data are not currently utilized in multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) for prostate cancer (PCa) detection. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) can quantify the directional diffusion of water in tissue and is applied in brain and breast imaging. Our aim was to determine whether DTI may improve PCa detection.

The role of the computerized tomography scanner in the cross-transmission of carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii between hospitalized patients.

Objective: To assess the role of the computerized tomography (CT) scanner in cross-transmission of carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii between hospitalized patients undergoing CT scan.

Methods: A single-centre retrospective observational analysis of inpatients undergoing CT scans. Patient-unique CT scans were defined as 'index cases' (patients undergoing CT scan with carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (CRAB) colonization documented during the previous 60 days), 'incident cases' (patients found colonized with CRAB within 14 days following CT scan), and 'negative cases' (negative for CRAB before and after CT scan).

Imaging-based prostate cancer screening among BRCA mutation carriers-results from the first round of screening.

Background: Male-carriers of BRCA1/2 gene mutations have an increased risk of prostate cancer (PCa) with a more aggressive phenotype. Current screening-guidelines suggest the use of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) only among BRCA2 carriers. Female carriers have extensive guidelines that include imaging.

Bilateral Adrenal Hemorrhage in Coronavirus Disease 2019 Patient: A Case Report.

Context: Bilateral adrenal hemorrhage is a rare condition with potentially life-threatening consequences such as acute adrenal insufficiency. Early adrenal axis testing, as well as directed imaging, is crucial for immediate diagnosis and treatment. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been associated with coagulopathy and thromboembolic events.

A noninferiority within-person study comparing the accuracy of transperineal to transrectal MRI-US fusion biopsy for prostate-cancer detection.

Background: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and ultrasound (US) fusion prostate-biopsies can be performed in a transrectal (TR-fusion) or transperineal (TP-fusion) approach. Prospective comparative evidence is limited. In this study we compared the detection rate of clinically-significant prostate-cancer (csPCa) within an index lesion between TR and TP-fusion.

Malignant Abnormalities in Male BRCA Mutation Carriers: Results From a Prospectively Screened Cohort.

This study evaluates the use of a comprehensive screening protocol for prostate, breast, colorectal, and pancreatic cancer and skin malignant abnormalities in male carriers.

A phase I clinical trial of dTCApFs, a derivative of a novel human hormone peptide, for the treatment of advanced/metastatic solid tumors.

The aim of the present phase I first-in-human study was to investigate the safety/efficacy of dTCApFs (a novel hormone peptide that enters cells through the T1/ST2 receptor), in advanced/metastatic solid tumors. The primary objective of this open-label dose-escalation study was to determine the safety profile of dTCApFs. The study enrolled patients (aged ≥18 years) with pathologically confirmed locally advanced/metastatic solid malignancies, who experienced treatment failure or were unable to tolerate previous standard therapy.

Stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) for definitive treatment and as a bridge to liver transplantation in early stage inoperable Hepatocellular carcinoma.

Background And Purpose: Stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) is an emerging modality for definitive treatment of Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).

Materials And Methods: This retrospective study included all early stage HCC patients who were not candidates for primary resection and/or local therapy, treated with SBRT between 11/2011 and 1/2016.

Results: Twenty-three patients were included.

Yield of magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography for the investigation of bile duct dilatation in asymptomatic patients.

Background: Biliary dilatation in the asymptomatic patient is a frequent incidental finding in the work-up for which there are no current guidelines.

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to determine the yield of magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) in asymptomatic patients with an incidental finding of biliary duct dilatation.

Methods: The study included 68 consecutive patients for evaluation of biliary duct dilatation found incidentally on computed tomography (CT) or ultrasound (US).

Radiotherapy and Sorafenib in the Management of Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma Have Led to Improved Survival: A Single Center Experience.

Background & Aims: Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) is the sixth most common malignancy and the third most common cause of cancer mortality worldwide. We aimed to assess the effect of novel treatment options on the survival of HCC patients.

Methods: This retrospective study included all HCC patients diagnosed between 2000 and 2013 referred to the Davidoff center and treated by a multidisciplinary team.

Personalized prostate cancer screening among men with high risk genetic predisposition- study protocol for a prospective cohort study.

Background: Prostate cancer screening among the general population is highly debatable. Nevertheless, screening among high-risk groups is appealing. Prior data suggests that men carrying mutations in the BRCA1& 2 genes may be at increased risk of developing prostate cancer.

Stercoral colitis: a lethal disease-computed tomographic findings and clinical characteristic.

Objective: The aim of this study was to describe the radiographic findings in stercoral colitis.

Methods: The computed tomographic scans and abdominal radiographs of 13 patients with surgically and pathologically confirmed stercoral colitis from 4 affiliated hospitals were reviewed by a board-certified abdominal radiologist blinded to the official imaging, surgical, and pathologic findings.

Results: The median age was 66 years.

Giant colon diverticulum: clinical and imaging findings in 17 patients with emphasis on CT criteria.

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to review the clinical and radiologic features of giant colonic diverticulum (GCD).

Methods: Medical records of 17 patients with GCD on computed tomographic (CT) examination were reviewed.

Results: CT examination revealed the GCD in all patients as a predominantly gas-filled structure communicating with the adjacent colon.

CF102 for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma: a phase I/II, open-label, dose-escalation study.

Background: The A(3) adenosine receptor (A(3)AR) is overexpressed in the tumor and in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The orally active drug candidate CF102, an A(3)AR agonist, induces apoptosis of HCC cells via deregulation of the Wnt signaling pathway. In this open label phase I/II trial, the safety and clinical effects of CF102 were assessed in patients with advanced unresectable HCC.