A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Study of High-Dose Baclofen in Alcohol-Dependent Patients-The ALPADIR Study.

Aims: Alcohol dependence is a major public health issue with a need for new pharmacological treatments. The ALPADIR study assessed the efficacy and safety of baclofen at the target dose of 180 mg/day for the maintenance of abstinence and the reduction in alcohol consumption in alcohol-dependent patients.

Methods: Three hundred and twenty adult patients (158 baclofen and 162 placebo) were randomized after alcohol detoxification.

Survey of practices employed by neurologists for the definition and management of secondary non-response to botulinum toxin in cervical dystonia.

Secondary non-response (SNR) to botulinum toxin (BoNT) in cervical dystonia (CD) lacks a universal definition. We conducted a retrospective survey to develop a definition based on clinicians' practice. Fifty-seven neurologists completed a 17-item questionnaire.

Upper limb international spasticity study: rationale and protocol for a large, international, multicentre prospective cohort study investigating management and goal attainment following treatment with botulinum toxin A in real-life clinical practice.

Objectives: This article provides an overview of the Upper Limb International Spasticity (ULIS) programme, which aims to develop a common core dataset for evaluation of real-life practice and outcomes in the treatment of upper-limb spasticity with botulinum toxin A (BoNT-A). Here we present the study protocol for ULIS-II, a large, international cohort study, to describe the rationale and steps to ensure the validity of goal attainment scaling (GAS) as the primary outcome measure. METHODS AND ANALYSIS DESIGN: An international, multicentre, observational, prospective, before-and-after study, conducted at 84 centres in 22 countries across three continents.

Factors influencing response to Botulinum toxin type A in patients with idiopathic cervical dystonia: results from an international observational study.

Objectives: Real-life data on response to Botulinum toxin A (BoNT-A) in cervical dystonia (CD) are sparse. An expert group of neurologists was convened with the overall aim of developing a definition of treatment response, which could be applied in a non-interventional study of BoNT-A-treated subjects with CD.

Design: International, multicentre, prospective, observational study of a single injection cycle of BoNT-A as part of normal clinical practice.

Classification of posture in poststroke upper limb spasticity: a potential decision tool for botulinum toxin A treatment?

A significant percentage of patients suffering from a stroke involving motor-relevant central nervous system regions will develop a spastic movement disorder. Hyperactivity of different muscle combinations forces the limbs affected into abnormal postures or movement patterns. As muscular hyperactivity can effectively and safely be treated with botulinum toxin type A (BoNT-A), we present a classification of spastic arm movement patterns to support BoNT-A therapy of arm spasticity.

Botulinum toxin injection for hypertonicity of the upper extremity within 12 weeks after stroke: a randomized controlled trial.

Background: Botulinum neurotoxin type A (BoNT-A) reduces upper-extremity poststroke spasticity when given 6 or more months after stroke. Effects on functional use of the arm and hand are less apparent.

Objective: To determine the effect and safety of very early use of BoNT-A for patients with upper-limb spasticity.

The profile of patients and current practice of treatment of upper limb muscle spasticity with botulinum toxin type A: an international survey.

To document the current practice in relation with the treatment of patients with upper limb spasticity with botulinum toxin type A to inform future research in this area. We designed an international, cross-sectional, noninterventional survey of current practice. Nine hundred and seventy-four patients from 122 investigational centres in 31 countries were studied.

Botulinum toxin A in the treatment of glabellar lines: scheduling the next injection.

Background: A single intramuscular treatment with botulinum toxin A (BoNT-A) into the facial muscles underlying glabellar rhytids has been shown to effectively attenuate or totally erase these lines for at least 3 months.

Objective: We sought to evaluate the optimal time for a second injection of BoNT-A (Dysport, Ipsen).

Methods: One hundred patients with moderate to severe glabellar rhytids at rest were randomized to a first, double-blind injection of 50 U of BoNT-A (n = 50) divided into 5 intramuscular sites, or placebo (n = 50).

A multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of efficacy and safety of 3 doses of botulinum toxin A in the treatment of glabellar lines.

Background: Botulinum toxin A (BTX-A) is used to treat glabellar lines but the rigorous demonstration of its efficacy in a well-designed study had never been reported.

Objective: This study was designed to evaluate the efficacy and the safety of 3 doses of BTX-A in the treatment of glabellar lines.

Methods: A total of 119 patients with moderate to severe glabellar lines at rest were treated with 25, 50, or 75 U of BTX-A (Dysport, Ipsen) or placebo divided into 5 intramuscular glabellar sites.