Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia.

Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a chronic lung disease, associated with premature birth, that arises during the infantile period. It is an evolving disease process with an unchanged incidence due to advancements in neonatal care which allow for the survival of premature infants of lower gestational ages and birth weights. Currently, there are few effective interventions to prevent BPD.

Cystic fibrosis macrophage function and clinical outcomes after elexacaftor/tezacaftor/ivacaftor.

Background: Abnormal macrophage function caused by dysfunctional cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) is a critical contributor to chronic airway infections and inflammation in people with cystic fibrosis (PWCF). Elexacaftor/tezacaftor/ivacaftor (ETI) is a new CFTR modulator therapy for PWCF. Host-pathogen and clinical responses to CFTR modulators are poorly described.

(R)-Roscovitine and CFTR modulators enhance killing of multi-drug resistant Burkholderia cenocepacia by cystic fibrosis macrophages.

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is characterized by chronic bacterial infections and heightened inflammation. Widespread ineffective antibiotic use has led to increased isolation of drug resistant bacterial strains from respiratory samples. (R)-roscovitine (Seliciclib) is a unique drug that has many benefits in CF studies.

Consequences of CRISPR-Cas9-Mediated CFTR Knockout in Human Macrophages.

Macrophage dysfunction is fundamentally related to altered immunity in cystic fibrosis (CF). How genetic deficits in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) lead to these defects remains unknown. Rapid advances in genomic editing such as the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats associated protein 9 (CRISPR/Cas9) system provide new tools for scientific study.

Metabolomics profiling of tobacco exposure in children with cystic fibrosis.

Background: Inflammation is integral to early disease progression in children with CF. The effect of modifiable environmental factors on infection and inflammation in persons with CF is poorly understood. Our prior studies determined that secondhand smoke exposure (SHSe) is highly prevalent in young children with CF.

Pediatric tracheocutaneous fistula closure following tracheostomy decannulation.

Objective: To determine the frequency and risk factors that lead to the development of persistent TCF (tracheocutaneous fistula) formation in children following tracheostomy decannulation at our institution.

Methods: A retrospective chart review of all pediatric patients at Children's Hospital Colorado who underwent tracheostomy decannulation and were being followed between January 1, 2007 and December 31, 2013. TCF was defined as a persistent fistula six months following decannulation.

Outpatient Procedural Sedation of Patients With Autism Spectrum Disorders for Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Brain Using Propofol.

Objective: To quantify the number of personnel, time to induce and complete sedation using propofol for outpatient magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain, and the frequency of serious adverse events (SAEs) in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) compared with children without ASD.

Results: Baseline characteristics were the same between both groups. Overall sedation success was 99%.

Endothelial colony-forming cell conditioned media promote angiogenesis in vitro and prevent pulmonary hypertension in experimental bronchopulmonary dysplasia.

Late-outgrowth endothelial colony-forming cells (ECFCs), a type of circulating endothelial progenitor cell (EPC), may contribute to pulmonary angiogenesis during development. Cord blood ECFCs from preterm newborns proliferate more rapidly than term ECFCs but are more susceptible to the adverse effects of hyperoxia. Recent studies suggest that bone marrow-derived EPCs protect against experimental lung injury via paracrine mechanisms independent of vascular engraftment.

[Anal metastasis from a lung cancer].

We report an anal metastasis from a lung cancer which was diagnosed on symptoms mimicking an acute anal abcess. The diagnosis was based on specific immunohistochemistry.

[Primary leiomyoma of the head of pancreas. A case report].

Pancreatic leiomyoma is rare. We report a new case in a 52-year old man. A tumor of the pancreatic head was diagnosed after a primary diabetic decompensation.

Endoscopic hemoclips in postoperative bleeding.

The field of application for endoscopic hemoclips has been increasingly extended, especially thanks to improvements in clips and additional clinical indications. Hemoclips are used more frequently for upper gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding and sometimes after therapeutic endoscopy. We report the successful use of endoscopic hemoclips in the management of two cases of postoperative colonic haemorrhage.

[Cholangiocarcinoma developing in von Meyenburg complexes in haemochromatosis].

A 63-year-old man with genetic haemochromatosis underwent resection of a cholangiocarcinoma that developed in von Meyenburg complexes; the liver was not cirrhotic. Patients with an association of genetic haemochromatosis and von Meyenburg complexes might have a predisposition to cholangiocarcinoma, even before cirrhosis occurs. Patients with this association should undergo regular and early hepatic surveillance of hemochromatosis.