Osteoporosis Treatment and Outcomes in Patients Undergoing Adult Spinal Deformity Surgery.

Background: This study aims to evaluate the prevalence and treatment of osteoporosis in patients undergoing long spinal fusion for adult spinal deformity (ASD) and compare the impact of osteoporosis treatment on surgical and radiographic outcomes.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective study of adult patients aged ≥40 years who underwent thoracolumbar ASD surgery at a single academic center between 2015 and 2021. We recorded demographic information, procedural details, and pharmacologic treatments.

Comparing Fusion Rates Between Fresh-Frozen and Freeze-Dried Allografts in Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion.

Objective: The objective of this retrospective study is to compare the fusion rates in anterior cervical discectomy and fusion surgery using freeze-dried versus fresh-frozen allografts.

Methods: The study comprised 79 patients. Fifty-one patients received freeze-dried allograft (106 total spinal levels) and 28 patients received fresh-frozen allograft (50 total spinal levels).

Ossification of the Posterior Longitudinal Ligament: Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, and Management.

Ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL) occurs as heterotopic bone forms in the posterior longitudinal ligament, resulting in neural compression, myelopathy, and radiculopathy. OPLL is most commonly observed in East Asian populations, with prevalence rates of 1.9% to 4.

Diffuse Idiopathic Skeletal Hyperostosis of the Spine: Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, and Management.

Diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis (DISH) is an ankylosing condition affecting up to 32.5% of the general cohort. Although often asymptomatic, affected individuals may present with back pain, stiffness, dysphagia, functional decline, and neurologic deficits.

What is the Trend in Representation of Women and Under-represented Minorities in Orthopaedic Surgery Residency?

Background: Orthopaedic surgery training programs have lagged behind other surgical specialties in increasing their representation of women and people from under-represented minority (URM) groups. Comparative data between orthopaedic surgery and other specialties are needed to help identify solutions to closing the diversity gap.

Questions/purposes: (1) Which surgical specialties have the greatest representation of women residents and residents from URM groups? (2) How have the proportions of women residents and residents from URM groups changed across the surgical specialties during the past decade?

Methods: This was a retrospective evaluation of a large, longitudinally maintained survey database.

CaMKII Serine 280 O-GlcNAcylation Links Diabetic Hyperglycemia to Proarrhythmia.

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Impeding DNA Break Repair Enables Oocyte Quality Control.

Oocyte quality control culls eggs with defects in meiosis. In mouse, oocyte death can be triggered by defects in chromosome synapsis and recombination, which involve repair of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) between homologous chromosomes. We show that RNF212, a SUMO ligase required for crossing over, also mediates oocyte quality control.