Developing a core outcome set for paediatric wrist fractures: a systematic review of prior outcomes.

Objectives: This review aims to summarize the outcomes used to describe effectiveness of treatments for paediatric wrist fractures within existing literature.

Method: We searched the Cochrane Library, Scopus, and Ovid Medline for studies pertaining to paediatric wrist fractures. Three authors independently identified and reviewed eligible studies.

Predicting soil thickness on soil mantled hillslopes.

Soil thickness is a fundamental variable in many earth science disciplines due to its critical role in many hydrological and ecological processes, but it is difficult to predict. Here we show a strong linear relationship (r = 0.87, RMSE = 0.

Preservation of a preglacial landscape under the center of the Greenland Ice Sheet.

Continental ice sheets typically sculpt landscapes via erosion; under certain conditions, ancient landscapes can be preserved beneath ice and can survive extensive and repeated glaciation. We used concentrations of atmospherically produced cosmogenic beryllium-10, carbon, and nitrogen to show that ancient soil has been preserved in basal ice for millions of years at the center of the ice sheet at Summit, Greenland. This finding suggests ice sheet stability through the Pleistocene (i.