Surgical Treatment of Pediatric Foot and Ankle Fractures in a Freestanding Ambulatory Surgery Center is a Safe, Cost-effective Alternative to a Hospital.

Background: In the United States, the number of pediatric fractures treated in ambulatory surgery centers (ASCs) continues to increase. Few studies have compared the outcomes and complications of treating these injuries in a freestanding ASC versus in a hospital setting. The purpose of this study was to compare clinical and radiographic outcomes, treatment times, and costs for treatment of pediatric foot and ankle fractures in the ASC and hospital.

Pediatric Firearm Trauma on the Rise: A Retrospective Review of Over 1,100 Cases in 12 Years at One Center.

Background: Gunshot injuries are the leading cause of death among children in the United States. The goal of this study was to better understand if certain age groups, mechanisms of injury, and type of firearms were associated with the increasing rates of pediatric gun-related trauma. We hypothesized that the extremities were disproportionately targeted when compared with the random likelihood of striking specific body-surface areas.

Accelerated Protocols in Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis Surgery.

Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) is the most common form of scoliosis. Treatment depends on the degree of curvature, skeletal maturity, and age of the patient. Once the curve reaches 50 degrees, posterior spinal fusion (PSF) is necessary to stabilize the spine and prevent further progression of the curve.

Radiation exposure in multiple hereditary exostoses: A retrospective review.

Background: Exposure to ionizing radiation in patients with Multiple Hereditary Exostoses (MHE) is inevitable and necessary for the diagnosis and treatment of MHE. Radiation exposure has many potentially dangerous consequences, including the increased risk of developing cancer. This is especially concerning in the pediatric patient population since children are more likely to develop adverse effects from radiation than adults.

Perioperative multimodal analgesic injection for patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis undergoing posterior spinal fusion surgery.

Purpose: This retrospective cohort study compared postoperative as-needed (PRN) opioid consumption pre and postimplementation of a perioperative multimodal analgesic injection composed of ropivacaine, epinephrine, ketorolac, and morphine in patients undergoing posterior spinal fusion (PSF) for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS). Secondary outcomes include pain score measurements, time to ambulation, length of stay, blood loss, 90-day complication rate, operating room time, nonopioid medication usage, and total inpatient medication cost before and after the initiation of this practice.

Methods: Consecutive patients weighing ≥ 20 kg who underwent PSF for a primary diagnosis of AIS between January 2017 and December 2020 were included.

Intraoperative Navigation and Robotics in Pediatric Spinal Deformity.

Current technologies for image guidance navigation and robotic assistance with spinal surgery are improving rapidly with several systems commercially available. Newer machine vision technology has several potential advantages. Limited studies have shown similar outcomes to traditional navigation platforms with decreased intraoperative radiation and time required for registration.

Infections After Open Fractures in Pediatric Patients: A Review of 288 Open Fractures.

We reviewed pediatric open fractures treated at a large Level 1 children's trauma center to determine the rate of infection after open fractures, potential risk factors for infection, and the rate of infection caused by antibiotic-resistant organisms. A retrospective review identified 288 open fractures in children 1 to 17 years of age. Post-traumatic infections developed in 24 (8.

Factors that Influence Acquisition of Lower Extremity Braces in the Pediatric Orthopaedic Population.

Background: Lower extremity brace-wear compliance has been studied in pediatrics, but failure to acquire a prescribed brace has not been included. The purpose of this study was to evaluate brace acquisition as a component of brace-wear compliance.

Methods: Records of patients (0 to 21 y) prescribed lower extremity braces from 2017 to 2019 were reviewed.

Surgical Outcomes of Obese Patients With Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis From Endemic Areas of Obesity in the United States.

Background: Obesity rates continue to rise among children and adolescents across the globe. A multicenter research consortium composed of institutions in the Southern US, located in states endemic for childhood obesity, was formed to evaluate the effect of obesity on pediatric musculoskeletal disorders. This study evaluates the effect of body mass index (BMI) percentile and socioeconomic status (SES) on surgical site infections (SSIs) and perioperative complications in patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) treated with posterior spinal fusion (PSF).

Intraobserver and Interobserver Reliability of the Peritubercle Lucency Sign in Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis.

Background: An area of enlargement of the metaphyseal socket around the epiphyseal tubercle, termed the peritubercle lucency sign, has recently been introduced as a possible predictor of contralateral slipped capital femoral epiphysis in patients with previous unilateral slipped capital femoral epiphysis. This study aimed to assess intraobserver and interobserver reliability for detecting the presence or absence of the peritubercle lucency sign.

Methods: Thirty-five radiographs were presented to 6 fellowship-trained pediatric orthopaedic surgeons on 2 separate occasions 30 days apart, ensuring that the images were shown in a different order on the second exposure.

Gymnast's Wrist (Distal Radial Physeal Stress Syndrome).

The distal radial physis is a common site for injury in gymnasts because of the significant amount of load applied during upper extremity weight-bearing. Wrist pain has been reported in up to 88% of gymnasts. The long-term consequences of overuse wrist injuries, such as distal radial physeal arrest, include degenerative conditions that often cause pain and functional limitations.

Can Pediatric Orthopaedic Surgery be Done Safely in a Freestanding Ambulatory Surgery Center? Review of 3780 Cases.

Background: The purpose of this study was to determine the intraoperative and 30-day postoperative complication rates in a large consecutive cohort of pediatric patients who had orthopaedic surgery at a freestanding ambulatory surgery center (ASC). The authors also wanted to identify the rates of same-day, urgent hospital transfers, and 30-day hospital admissions. The authors hypothesized that pediatric orthopaedic procedures at a freestanding ASC can be done safely with a low rate of complications.

Initial Evaluation by a Non-Surgeon Provider Does Not Delay the Surgical Care of Pediatric Forearm and Elbow Trauma in a Walk-In Orthopaedic Clinic.

Introduction Walk-in and after-hours clinics are being increasingly utilized in orthopedics and are especially beneficial for patients with simple sprains, fractures, or overuse injuries that might otherwise require an emergency room visit. To meet the increased patient load, additional staffing often is required, which might include a family medicine physician, nurse practitioner, or physician assistant. Few studies have evaluated the performance of these non-surgeon providers in an orthopedic clinical setting.

Flexible intramedullary nailing of femoral shaft fractures: closed versus open reduction.

Children's femoral shaft fractures are commonly treated with flexible intramedullary nailing after closed or open reduction, but there is little information concerning indications for open reduction. The purpose of this study was to determine radiographic and clinical features likely to lead to open reduction before flexible intramedullary nailing. Record review identified 158 femoral shaft fractures treated with flexible intramedullary nailing.

Operating Room Personnel Determine Efficiency of Pediatric Spinal Fusions for Scoliosis.

Study Design: Retrospective chart review.

Objectives: To investigate the effect of different surgeons, anesthesiologists, and cRNAs individually and in teams on various perioperative and operative time intervals in a large, high-volume children's hospital.

Summary Of Background Data: Along with individual factors, studies have indicated that team factors play a role in efficiency, with larger teams leading to increased procedure times.

Pediatric Septic Arthritis: An Update.

Septic arthritis in children is a surgical emergency, and prompt diagnosis and treatment are mandatory. If diagnosed quickly and treated correctly, the outcomes can be good. With delay in diagnosis and without proper treatment, outcomes often are quite devastating, with growth disturbance and joint destruction.

Do Patient-specific or Fracture-specific Factors Predict the Development of Acute Compartment Syndrome After Pediatric Tibial Shaft Fractures?

Background: Tibial shaft fractures are the most common injuries preceding acute compartment syndrome (ACS), so it is important to understand the incidence of and risk factors for ACS after pediatric tibial shaft fractures. The purposes of this study were to determine the rate at which ACS occurs and if any patient or fracture characteristics are significantly associated with developing ACS.

Methods: All patients aged 5 to 17 years treated for a tibial shaft fracture at a level 1 pediatric trauma center, a level 1 adult trauma center, and an outpatient orthopaedic practice between 2008 and 2016 were retrospectively identified.

Concurrent Ipsilateral Tibial Shaft and Distal Tibial Fractures in Pediatric Patients: Risk Factors, Frequency, and Risk of Missed Diagnosis.

Background: The purpose of this study was to determine the frequency of concurrent ipsilateral distal tibial fractures with tibial shaft fractures in the pediatric population; to identify patient and fracture characteristics that increase the likelihood of a concurrent fracture; and determine if any of these concurrent distal tibial fractures were missed on initial radiographic examination.

Methods: Retrospective chart review was done to identify patients 5 to 17 years old who were treated for a tibial shaft fracture at a large, Level 1 free-standing children's hospital and an outpatient orthopaedic practice between 2008 and 2016. Patient and fracture characteristics were recorded.

The Role of Computed Tomography and Magnetic Resonance Imaging in the Diagnosis of Pediatric Thoracolumbar Compression Fractures.

Background: Because of concerns about radiation exposure, some centers consider magnetic resonance imaging (MRIs) the preferred imaging modality for pediatric thoracic and/or lumbar compression fractures. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the sensitivity of computed tomography (CT) and MRI in diagnosing thoracolumbar compression fractures and the utility of MRI in their management.

Methods: Retrospective review identified 52 patients aged 0 to 18 years with 191 thoracic and/or lumbar compression fractures who had both CT and MRI during the initial trauma evaluation.

Surgical Treatment of Supracondylar Humeral Fractures in a Freestanding Ambulatory Surgery Center is as Safe as and Faster and More Cost-Effective Than in a Children's Hospital.

Background: Despite an 88% increase in the number of pediatric fractures treated in ambulatory surgery centers (ASCs) over a 10-year period, few studies have compared outcomes of fracture treatment performed in a freestanding ASC compared with those performed in the hospital (HOSP) or hospital outpatient department (HOPD). The purpose of this study was to compare clinical and radiographic outcomes, treatment times, and costs for treatment of Gartland type II supracondylar humeral (SCH) fracture in the ASC, HOSP, and HOPD.

Methods: Retrospective review identified pediatric patients with isolated Gartland type II SCH fractures who had closed reduction and percutaneous pinning (CRPP) by board-certified orthopaedic surgeons from January 2012 to September 2016.

Protecting the PCL During Total Knee Arthroplasty Using a Bone Island Technique.

Background: Prior studies have shown that the posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) may be partially resected during cruciate retaining (CR) total knee arthroplasty (TKA) using highly experienced hands and standard surgical technique; therefore, proper surgical technique is aimed at preservation and balance of the PCL during CR TKA. The central objective of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of a simple surgical technique to prevent PCL damage during performance of a CR TKA.

Methods: Sixty embalmed cadaver specimens were randomized into 2 groups, experimental and control.

Perioperative Pain Management in Pediatric Spine Surgery.

Pain management after spinal deformity correction surgery for scoliosis in the pediatric population can be difficult. Deformity correction with posterior spinal fusion causes significant tissue trauma. Historically, pain control has been achieved with intravenous opiates.