Associations of Relative Intensity of Physical Activity With Incident Cardiovascular Events and All-Cause Mortality.

Background: The relative intensity of physical activity (PA) can be estimated as the percent of one's maximal effort required.

Methods: We compared associations of relative and absolute intensity PA with incident major cardiovascular disease (CVD) and all-cause mortality in 5 633 women from the Objective Physical Activity and Cardiovascular Health Study (mean age 78.5 ± 6.

Development, validation, and transportability of several machine-learned, non-exercise-based VO prediction models for older adults.

Background: There exist few maximal oxygen uptake (VO) non-exercise-based prediction equations, fewer using machine learning (ML), and none specifically for older adults. Since direct measurement of VO is infeasible in large epidemiologic cohort studies, we sought to develop, validate, compare, and assess the transportability of several ML VO prediction algorithms.

Methods: The Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging (BLSA) participants with valid VO tests were included (n = 1080).

Lower Physical Activity Modifies the Association between Perceived Fatigability and Executive Function but not Memory: The Study of Muscle, Mobility and Aging (SOMMA).

Objective: Emerging evidence shows that perceived fatigability-the quantification of vulnerability to fatigue in relation to specific intensity and duration of activities-may be associated with cognitive function. We sought to quantify associations with multiple domains of cognitive function and the role of physical activity (PA).

Methods: SOMMA participants completed the Pittsburgh Fatigability Scale (PFS) Physical and Mental subscales (each range 0-50; higher scores=greater fatigability) and three cognitive function assessments [Digit Symbol Substitution Test (DSST), executive function; Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), general function; and California Verbal Learning Test (CVLT), memory].

The association between frailty and perceived physical and mental fatigability: The Long Life Family Study.

Background: Higher levels of frailty, quantified by a frailty index (FI), may be linked to fatigue severity as tasks become more physically and mentally demanding. Fatigue, a component of frailty research, has been ambiguous and inconsistent in its operationalization. Fatigability-the quantification of vulnerability to fatigue in relation to specific intensity and duration of activities-offers a more sensitive and standardized approach, though the association between frailty and fatigability has not been assessed.

AZG1 is a cytokinin transporter that interacts with auxin transporter PIN1 and regulates the root stress response.

An environmentally responsive root system is crucial for plant growth and crop yield, especially in suboptimal soil conditions. This responsiveness enables the plant to exploit regions of high nutrient density while simultaneously minimizing abiotic stress. Despite the vital importance of root systems in regulating plant growth, significant gaps of knowledge exist in the mechanisms that regulate their architecture.

Interpretation of Quantum Theory: The Quantum "Grue-Bleen" Problem.

We present a critique of the many-world interpretation of quantum mechanics, based on different "pictures" that describe the time evolution of an isolated quantum system. Without an externally imposed frame to restrict these possible pictures, the theory cannot yield non-trivial interpretational statements. This is analogous to Goodman's famous "grue-bleen" problem of language and induction.

Validation, Recalibration, and Predictive Accuracy of Published V̇O 2max Prediction Equations for Adults Ages 50-96 Yr.

Purpose: Maximal oxygen uptake ( ) is the criterion measure of cardiorespiratory fitness. Lower cardiorespiratory fitness is a strong predictor of poor health outcomes, including all-cause mortality. Because testing is resource intensive, several non-exercise-based V˙O 2max prediction equations have been published.

Relationship of Social Connectedness With Decreasing Physical Activity During the COVID-19 Pandemic Among Older Women Participating in the Women's Health Initiative Study.

Background: Aging is generally accompanied by decreasing physical activity (PA), which is associated with a decline in many health parameters, leading to recommendations for older adults to increase or at least maintain PA.

Methods: We determined relationships between social connectedness and decreasing or increasing PA levels during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic among 41 443 participants of the Women's Health Initiative Extension Study. Outcomes of logistic regression models were decreasing PA activity (reference: maintaining or increasing) and increasing PA activity (reference: maintaining or decreasing).

Associations of Daily Steps and Step Intensity With Incident Diabetes in a Prospective Cohort Study of Older Women: The OPACH Study.

Objective: The primary aim was to assess associations between total steps per day and incident diabetes, whereas the secondary aim was to assess whether the intensity and/or cadence of steps is associated with incident diabetes.

Research Design And Methods: Women without physician-diagnosed diabetes (n = 4,838; mean [SD] age 78.9 [6.

Cohort profile: the Women's Health Accelerometry Collaboration.

Purpose: This paper describes the Women's Health Accelerometry Collaboration, a consortium of two prospective cohort studies of women age 62 years or older, harmonised to explore the association of accelerometer-assessed physical activity and sedentary behaviour with cancer incidence and mortality.

Participants: A total of 23 443 women (age mean 73.4, SD 6.

Contribution of Concurrent Comorbidities to Sepsis-Related Mortality in Preterm Infants ≤32 Weeks of Gestation at an Academic Neonatal Intensive Care Network.

Objective: This study sought to identify concurrent major comorbidities in preterm infants ≤32 weeks of gestation that may have contributed to sepsis-related mortality following a diagnosis of bacteremia or blood culture-negative sepsis within the neonatal period (≤28 days of life).

Study Design: This is a retrospective chart review of infants ≤32 weeks of gestation who were admitted to a single academic network of multiple neonatal intensive care units between January 1, 2012, and December 31, 2015, to determine the primary cause(s) and timing of death in those diagnosed with bacteremia or blood culture-negative sepsis. Direct comparisons between early-onset sepsis (EOS; ≤72 hours) and late-onset sepsis (LOS; >72 hours) were made.

Accelerometer-Measured Daily Steps, Physical Function, and Subsequent Fall Risk in Older Women: The Objective Physical Activity and Cardiovascular Disease in Older Women Study.

Steps per day were measured by accelerometer for 7 days among 5,545 women aged 63-97 years between 2012 and 2014. Incident falls were ascertained from daily fall calendars for 13 months. Median steps per day were 3,216.

Cannabis-related diagnosis in pregnancy and adverse maternal and infant outcomes.

Background: Cannabis use and cannabis use disorders are increasing in prevalence, including among pregnant women. The objective was to evaluate the association of a cannabis-related diagnosis (CRD) in pregnancy and adverse maternal and infant outcomes.

Methods: We queried an administrative birth cohort of singleton deliveries in California between 2011-2017 linked to maternal and infant hospital discharge records.

Arabidopsis AZG2 transports cytokinins in vivo and regulates lateral root emergence.

Cytokinin and auxin are key regulators of plant growth and development. During the last decade transport mechanisms have turned out to be the key for the control of local and long-distance hormone distributions. In contrast with auxin, cytokinin transport is poorly understood.

Population-Based Registry Linkages to Improve Validity of Electronic Health Record-Based Cancer Research.

Background: There is tremendous potential to leverage the value gained from integrating electronic health records (EHR) and population-based cancer registry data for research. Registries provide diagnosis details, tumor characteristics, and treatment summaries, while EHRs contain rich clinical detail. A carefully conducted cancer registry linkage may also be used to improve the internal and external validity of inferences made from EHR-based studies.

Axiomatic Information Thermodynamics.

We present an axiomatic framework for thermodynamics that incorporates information as a fundamental concept. The axioms describe both ordinary thermodynamic processes and those in which information is acquired, used and erased, as in the operation of Maxwell's demon. This system, similar to previous axiomatic systems for thermodynamics, supports the construction of conserved quantities and an entropy function governing state changes.

Involvement of 14-3-3 in tubulin instability and impaired axon development is mediated by Tau.

14-3-3 proteins act as adapters that exert their function by interacting with their various protein partners. 14-3-3 proteins have been implicated in a variety of human diseases including neurodegenerative diseases. 14-3-3 proteins have recently been reported to be abundant in the neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) observed inside the neurons of brains affected by Alzheimer's disease (AD).

A semisynthetic fusicoccane stabilizes a protein-protein interaction and enhances the expression of K+ channels at the cell surface.

Small-molecule stabilization of protein-protein interactions is an emerging field in chemical biology. We show how fusicoccanes, originally identified as fungal toxins acting on plants, promote the interaction of 14-3-3 proteins with the human potassium channel TASK-3 and present a semisynthetic fusicoccane derivative (FC-THF) that targets the 14-3-3 recognition motif (mode 3) in TASK-3. In the presence of FC-THF, the binding of 14-3-3 proteins to TASK-3 was increased 19-fold and protein crystallography provided the atomic details of the effects of FC-THF on this interaction.

Structure of a 14-3-3σ-YAP phosphopeptide complex at 1.15 A resolution.

The 14-3-3 proteins are a class of eukaryotic acidic adapter proteins, with seven isoforms in humans. 14-3-3 proteins mediate their biological function by binding to target proteins and influencing their activity. They are involved in pivotal pathways in the cell such as signal transduction, gene expression, enzyme activation, cell division and apoptosis.

Impaired binding of 14-3-3 to C-RAF in Noonan syndrome suggests new approaches in diseases with increased Ras signaling.

The Ras-RAF-mitogen-activated protein kinase (Ras-RAF-MAPK) pathway is overactive in many cancers and in some developmental disorders. In one of those disorders, namely, Noonan syndrome, nine activating C-RAF mutations cluster around Ser(259), a regulatory site for inhibition by 14-3-3 proteins. We show that these mutations impair binding of 14-3-3 proteins to C-RAF and alter its subcellular localization by promoting Ras-mediated plasma membrane recruitment of C-RAF.

Structure of the p53 C-terminus bound to 14-3-3: implications for stabilization of the p53 tetramer.

The adaptor protein 14-3-3 binds to and stabilizes the tumor suppressor p53 and enhances its anti-tumour activity. In the regulatory C-terminal domain of p53 several 14-3-3 binding motifs have been identified. Here, we report the crystal structure of the extreme C-terminus (residues 385-393, p53pT387) of p53 in complex with 14-3-3sigma at a resolution of 1.