CEST MRI provides amide/amine surrogate biomarkers for treatment-naïve glioma sub-typing.

Purpose: Accurate glioma classification affects patient management and is challenging on non- or low-enhancing gliomas. This study investigated the clinical value of different chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) metrics for glioma classification and assessed the diagnostic effect of the presence of abundant fluid in glioma subpopulations.

Methods: Forty-five treatment-naïve glioma patients with known isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) mutation and 1p/19q codeletion status received CEST MRI (B = 2μT, T = 3.

Multiple interleaved mode saturation (MIMOSA) for B inhomogeneity mitigation in chemical exchange saturation transfer.

Purpose: To mitigate inhomogeneity in quantitative CEST MRI at ultra-high magnetic field strengths (B ≥ 7 Tesla) using a parallel transmit system.

Methods: Multiple interleaved mode saturation employs interleaving of 2 complementary phase sets during the saturation pulse train. Phase differences of 45° (first mode) and 90° (second mode) between 2 adjacent transmitter coil channels are used.

A comparison of static and dynamic ∆B mapping methods for correction of CEST MRI in the presence of temporal B field variations.

Purpose: To assess the performance, in the presence of scanner instabilities, of three dynamic correction methods which integrate ∆B mapping into the chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) measurement and three established static ∆B -correction approaches.

Methods: A homogeneous phantom and five healthy volunteers were scanned with a CEST sequence at 7 T. The in vivo measurements were performed twice: first with unaltered system frequency and again applying frequency shifts during the CEST acquisition.

Chemical exchange saturation transfer imaging in hepatic encephalopathy.

Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) is a common complication in liver cirrhosis and associated with an invasion of ammonia into the brain through the blood-brain barrier. Resulting higher ammonia concentrations in the brain are suggested to lead to a dose-dependent gradual increase of HE severity and an associated impairment of brain function. Amide proton transfer-weighted (APT) chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) imaging has been found to be sensitive to ammonia concentration.

Ammonia-weighted imaging by chemical exchange saturation transfer MRI at 3 T.

Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) is triggered by liver cirrhosis and is associated with an increased ammonia level within the brain tissue. The goal of this study was to investigate effects of ammonia on in vitro amide proton transfer (APT)-weighted chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) imaging in order to develop an ammonia-sensitive brain imaging method. APT-weighted CEST imaging was performed on phantom solutions including pure ammonia, bovine serum albumin (BSA), and tissue homogenate samples doped with various ammonia concentrations.

Live-cell single-molecule dynamics of PcG proteins imposed by the DIPG H3.3K27M mutation.

Over 80% of diffuse intrinsic pontine gliomas (DIPGs) harbor a point mutation in histone H3.3 where lysine 27 is substituted with methionine (H3.3K27M); however, how the mutation affects kinetics and function of PcG proteins remains elusive.

SASHA versus ShMOLLI: a comparison of T1 mapping methods in health and dilated cardiomyopathy at 3 T.

Cardiac Magnetic Resonance derived T1 mapping parameters are a non-invasive method of estimating diffuse myocardial fibrosis. This study aims to to determine the native T1 time, post contrast T1 time and extracellular volume (ECV) derived from T1 mapping and to evaluate the ability of T1 mapping techniques to discriminate healthy myocardium from dilated cardiomyopathy. Seventy-nine participants underwent cardiac magnetic resonance imaging at the Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia.

Evaluating the cartilage adjacent to the site of repair surgery with glycosaminoglycan-specific magnetic resonance imaging.

Purpose: The glycosaminoglycan (GAG) chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) imaging method (gagCEST) makes it possible to assess and quantify the GAG concentration in human cartilage. This biochemical imaging technique facilitates detection of the loss of GAG in the course of osteoarthritis. The gagCEST technique was used to analyse the perilesional zone (PLZ) adjacent to repair tissue after cartilage repair surgery, to determine whether there are biochemical changes present in the sense of degeneration.

Good clinical and MRI outcome after arthroscopic autologous chondrocyte implantation for cartilage repair in the knee.

Purpose: To analyze the clinical outcome and cartilage regeneration after all-arthroscopic Autologous Chondrocyte Implantation (ACI) using chondrospheres® (ACT3D) for the treatment of full-size articular cartilage lesions at the knee.

Methods: Thirty consecutive patients treated by all-arthroscopic ACI for full-size articular cartilage lesions in an otherwise healthy knee were enrolled. The defects were located on the femoral condyles (n = 18), in the trochlea (n = 7) and at the patella (n = 5).

Noninvasive amide proton transfer magnetic resonance imaging in evaluating the grading and cellularity of gliomas.

Using noninvasive magnetic resonance imaging techniques to accurately evaluate the grading and cellularity of gliomas is beneficial for improving the patient outcomes. Amide proton transfer imaging is a noninvasive molecular magnetic resonance imaging technique based on chemical exchange saturation transfer mechanism that detects endogenous mobile proteins and peptides in biological tissues. Between August 2012 and November 2015, a total number of 44 patients with pathologically proven gliomas were included in this study.

An MRspec database query and visualization engine with applications as a clinical diagnostic and research tool.

Purpose: Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRspec), one of the very few techniques for in vivo assessment of neuro-metabolic profiles, is often complicated by lack of standard population norms and paucity of computational tools.

Methods: 7035 scans and clinical information from 4430 pediatric patients were collected from 2008 to 2014. Scans were conducted using a 1.

Higher resolution cine imaging with compressed sensing for accelerated clinical left ventricular evaluation.

Purpose: To assess the clinical feasibility of a compressed sensing cine magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) sequence of both high temporal and spatial resolution (CS_bSSFP) in comparison to a balanced steady-state free precession cine (bSSFP) sequence for reliable quantification of left ventricular (LV) volumes and mass.

Materials And Methods: Segmented MRI cine images were acquired on a 1.5T scanner in 50 patients in the LV short-axis stack orientation using a retrospectively gated conventional bSSFP sequence (generalized autocalibrating partially parallel acquisition [GRAPPA] acceleration factor 2), followed by a prospectively triggered CS_bSSFP sequence with net acceleration factor of 8.

Comparison of Routine Knee Magnetic Resonance Imaging at 3 T and 7 T.

Objective: The aim of this study was to compare quantitative and semiquantitative parameters (signal-to-noise ratio [SNR] and diagnostic confidence) from a standard knee magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examination with comparable sequence protocols and acquisition times at 3 T and at 7 T.

Materials And Methods: Forty patients experiencing knee pain of unknown etiology underwent comparable MR protocols with standard turbo-spin echo and short tau inversion recovery sequences of the knee joint (5 sequences) at 3 T and 7 T. For quantitative analysis, SNR was determined using these 5 sequences and 3 additional morphological sequences.

[Chemical Exchange Saturation Transfer Imaging of Creatine Metabolites: a 3.0 T MRI Pilot].

Objective: To determine the feasibility of using chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) imaging to measure creatine (Cr) metabolites with 3.0 T MR.

Methods: Phantoms containing different concentrations of Cr under various pH conditions were studied with CEST sequence on 3.

Improvement of water saturation shift referencing by sequence and analysis optimization to enhance chemical exchange saturation transfer imaging.

Purpose: To optimize B0-field inhomogeneity correction for chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) imaging by investigating different water saturation shift referencing (WASSR) Z-spectrum shapes and different frequency correction techniques.

Methods: WASSR Z-spectra were simulated for different B1-fields and pulse durations (PD). Two parameter settings were used for further simulations and experiments (WASSR1: B1=0.

Reproducibility and regional variations of an improved gagCEST protocol for the in vivo evaluation of knee cartilage at 7 T.

Objective: The objective was to establish a gagCEST protocol that would enable robust and reproducible assessment of the glycosaminoglycan (GAG) content in knee cartilage at 7 T within a clinically feasible measurement time.

Materials And Methods: Ten young healthy volunteers (mean age 26 years, range 24-28, five males, five females) were examined on a 7 T MR system. Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants prior to enrollment into the study.

Comparison of Routine Brain Imaging at 3 T and 7 T.

Objective: The aim of this study was to compare quantitative and semiquantitative parameters (signal-to-noise ratio [SNR], contrast-to-noise ratio [CNR], image quality, diagnostic confidence) from a standard brain magnetic resonance imaging examination encompassing common neurological disorders such as demyelinating disease, gliomas, cerebrovascular disease, and epilepsy, with comparable sequence protocols and acquisition times at 3 T and at 7 T.

Materials And Methods: Ten healthy volunteers and 4 subgroups of 40 patients in total underwent comparable magnetic resonance protocols with standard diffusion-weighted imaging, 2D and 3D turbo spin echo, 2D and 3D gradient echo and susceptibility-weighted imaging of the brain (10 sequences) at 3 T and 7 T. The subgroups comprised patients with either lesional (n = 5) or nonlesional (n = 4) epilepsy, intracerebral tumors (n = 11), demyelinating disease (n = 11) (relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis [MS, n = 9], secondary progressive MS [n = 1], demyelinating disease not further specified [n = 1]), or chronic cerebrovascular disorders [n = 9]).

Glycosaminoglycan Chemical Exchange Saturation Transfer of Lumbar Intervertebral Discs in Healthy Volunteers.

Study Design: Evaluation of a new quantitative imaging technique in a prospective study design.

Objective: To assess glycosaminoglycan (GAG) content of lumbar intervertebral discs (IVDs) in healthy volunteers with chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST).

Summary Of Background Data: Biochemical alterations of lumbar discs are present before the appearance of morphological changes.

Gender, BMI and T2 dependencies of glycosaminoglycan chemical exchange saturation transfer in intervertebral discs.

Purpose: The purpose was to investigate the dependence of glycosaminoglycan chemical exchange saturation transfer (gagCEST) effect of lumbar intervertebral discs (IVD) on gender, body mass index and T2 value.

Methods: T2 imaging and gagCEST imaging was performed in 34 healthy volunteers (17 males, 17 females) without low back pain at a 3T MRI system (Magnetom Trio, A Tim System, Siemens Healthcare, Erlangen, Germany). The body mass index was determined for each volunteer.

Biochemical imaging of cervical intervertebral discs with glycosaminoglycan chemical exchange saturation transfer magnetic resonance imaging: feasibility and initial results.

Objective: To evaluate glycosaminoglycan chemical exchange saturation transfer (gagCEST) imaging at 3T in the assessment of the GAG content of cervical IVDs in healthy volunteers.

Materials And Methods: Forty-two cervical intervertebral discs of seven healthy volunteers (four females, three males; mean age: 21.4 ± 1.