Antibody Persistence up to 3 Years After Primary Immunization With Inactivated Japanese Encephalitis Vaccine IXIARO in Philippine Children and Effect of a Booster Dose.

Background: An inactivated Vero cell culture derived Japanese encephalitis virus vaccine (IXIARO) requires a booster dose 1 year after primary schedule for long-term antibody persistence in adults. The aim of this study is to evaluate immunogenicity and safety of a booster dose in children 2 months to <18 years of age.

Methods: This is a randomized, controlled open-label study in the Philippines.

Demonstration of safety and enhanced seroprotection against hepatitis B with investigational HBsAg-1018 ISS vaccine compared to a licensed hepatitis B vaccine.

Adults 40 years of age and older have been shown to be hypo-responsive immunologically to the currently available hepatitis B virus (HBV) vaccines. Three intramuscular doses of a Toll-like receptor 9 agonist, 1018 immunostimulatory sequence (1018 ISS) adjuvant, combined with recombinant hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) demonstrated faster, superior, and more durable seroprotection than three doses of a licensed comparator HBV vaccine (Engerix-B(®)). This investigational vaccine, HBsAg-1018 ISS, was well tolerated with a safety profile similar to the comparator vaccine.

Influenza vaccine concurrently administered with a combination measles, mumps, and rubella vaccine to young children.

Children aged 11 to <24 months received 2 intranasal doses of live attenuated influenza vaccine (LAIV) or placebo, 35+/-7 days apart. Dose 1 was administered concomitantly with a combined measles, mumps, and rubella vaccine (Priorix). Seroresponses to measles and mumps were similar between groups.

An update on primary care management for tuberculosis in children.

Purpose Of Review: Tuberculosis (TB) is still a significant cause of mortality and morbidity among children worldwide. Recent advances in scientific and clinical research have looked into the epidemiology, diagnostic, therapeutic and preventive interventions in order to provide insights into more effective control.

Recent Findings: The risk of infection has been shown to be related to the duration and proximity of exposure to an infectious case, usually an adult or adolescent, rising with increased exposure in toddlers, associated with school entry, and in the teen years and early adulthood.

Multinational study of major breast milk carotenoids of healthy mothers.

Background: Carotenoids in serum vary between countries and within populations with evidence suggesting a qualitative relationship to diet. Breast milk carotenoids furnish a source of vitamin A and potentially provide immunoprotection and other health benefits for infants. There have been numerous studies of milk carotenoid concentrations in undernourished populations; however, carotenoid concentrations have not previously been compared in populations of well-nourished mothers.