Pterostilbene Targets Hallmarks of Aging in the Gene Expression Landscape in Blood of Healthy Rats.

Scope: Polyphenols from the phytoestrogen group, including pterostilbene (PTS), are known for their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-cancer effects. In recent reports, phytoestrogens attenuate age-related diseases; however, their pro-longevity effects in healthy models in mammals remain unknown. As longevity research demonstrates age-related transcriptomic signatures in human blood, the current study hypothesizes that phytoestrogen-supplemented diet may induce changes in gene expression that ultimately confer pro-longevity benefits.

Epigenetic aberrations of gene expression in a rat model of hepatocellular carcinoma.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is mostly triggered by environmental and life-style factors and may involve epigenetic aberrations. However, a comprehensive documentation of the link between the dysregulated epigenome, transcriptome, and liver carcinogenesis is lacking. In the present study, Fischer-344 rats were fed a choline-deficient (CDAA, cancer group) or choline-sufficient (CSAA, healthy group) L-amino acid-defined diet.

Relationships Between Adipose Mitochondrial Function, Serum Adiponectin, and Insulin Resistance in Persons With HIV After 96 Weeks of Antiretroviral Therapy.

Objective: Some antiretroviral therapy (ART) and HIV itself confer metabolic risk, perhaps through altered mitochondrial function and adipokines. In AIDS Clinical Trials Group study A5224s, adipose mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) levels decreased on ART, and electron transport chain complex I (CI) and complex IV (CIV) activity decreased. Another study found decreased serum adiponectin on ART with mtDNA mutation m.

Nontoxic Formulations of Scintillation Nanocrystals for Use as X-ray Computed Tomography Contrast Agents.

X-ray computed tomography (CT) is currently one of the most powerful, noninvasive, clinical in vivo imaging techniques, which has resulted from advances in both X-ray device and contrast enhancement technologies. The present study demonstrates, for the first time, that metal tungstates (such as CaWO) are promising contrast agents for X-ray, radiation, and CT imaging, because of the high X-ray mass attenuation of tungsten (W). We have developed a method of formulation, in which CaWO (CWO) nanoparticles (NPs) are encapsulated within a biocompatible poly(ethylene glycol-b-d,l-lactic acid) (PEG-PLA) block copolymer (BCP) capsule.