How do intraocular lens materials influence the outcome of cataract surgery?

Purpose Of Review: This review summarizes the evidence on the effect of intraocular lens (IOL) material on the outcomes of cataract surgery, as well as on the surgical procedure itself.

Recent Findings: Differences in capsular biocompatibility between IOL materials lead to variations in capsular stability and posterior capsule opacification (PCO), while differences in uveal biocompatibility affect postoperative inflammatory response.

Summary: Refractive outcomes are affected by both incision size and the rotational stability of toric IOLs.

Analysis of Posterior Corneal Surgically Induced Astigmatism Following Cataract Surgery With a 1.8-mm Temporal Clear Corneal Incision.

Purpose: To determine posterior corneal surgically induced astigmatism (SIA) when using a temporal clear corneal incision and the IOLMaster 700 (Carl Zeiss Meditec AG) for biometric measurements and to determine whether posterior corneal SIA can be predicted from preoperative data.

Methods: A total of 258 consecutive eyes of 258 patients underwent cataract surgery with a 1.8-mm temporal clear corneal incision.

Leftover Astigmatism: The Missing Link Between Measured and Calculated Posterior Corneal Astigmatism.

Purpose: To quantify the total eye astigmatism that is not accounted for by measurement of anterior corneal astigmatism and posterior corneal astigmatism and knowledge of intraocular lens (IOL) astigmatism and assess whether it is correlated with candidate sources of or correlates with leftover astigmatism.

Methods: Vector subtraction of anterior corneal, posterior corneal, and IOL astigmatism from total eye astigmatism as represented by spectacle astigmatism to yield a value of "leftover" astigmatism that is neither corneal nor lenticular. This value was derived in a series of eyes following cataract surgery.

Accuracy of the Goggin Nomogram for 0.50 D Steps in Toric IOL Cylinder Power Calculation.

Purpose: To examine the accuracy of the cylinder power choice for toric intraocular lenses (IOLs) using the Goggin Nomogram, which adjusts anterior keratometric astigmatic power values for the likely effect of posterior corneal and non-corneal, non-lenticular astigmatism.

Methods: A consecutive, retrospective case series was based at the Queen Elizabeth Hospital and Ashford Advanced Eye Care in Adelaide, Australia. A total of 586 consecutive eyes of 586 patients underwent phacoemulsification surgery with implantation of a Zeiss AT TORBI 709MP or AT LISA Tri Toric 939 MP toric IOL, calculated using the Goggin Nomogram.

Evidence-based vitamin supplements for age-related macular degeneration: an analysis of available products.

Clinical Relevance: A wide range of supplements are available for age-related macular degeneration (AMD); however, clinicians may not be aware of which supplements contain an evidence-based formula.

Background: Vitamin and antioxidant supplementation has been shown to be effective in slowing the progression of AMD. The Age-Related Eye Disease Studies (AREDS) group reported an evidence-based formula in the AREDS 2 trials.

Peripheral Hypertrophic Subepithelial Corneal Degeneration on a Laser-Assisted In Situ Keratomileusis Flap.

We describe the first reported case of a patient developing peripheral hypertrophic subepithelial corneal degeneration (PHSCD) in the setting of previous femtosecond laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK). Superficial keratectomy was performed successfully with the complete restoration of the visual acuity, no LASIK flap complications, and no recurrence of PHSCD at 1-year follow-up. Our case indicates that superficial keratectomy can be a safe and effective treatment for PHSCD in the setting of LASIK and raises awareness of the possibility of PHSCD developing in eyes that have undergone prior LASIK.

Comparing Total Keratometry Measurement on the IOLMaster 700 With Goggin Nomogram Adjusted Anterior Keratometry.

Purpose: To compare "total keratometry" measurements with Goggin nomogram adjusted anterior keratometry (GNAK) for toric intraocular lens calculation.

Methods: Routine biometry provided measured total keratometry values from which astigmatism was derived. The Goggin nomogram was applied to anterior keratometry values on the same eyes to provide nomogram-adjusted anterior keratometry values (GNAK) that estimate total corneal astigmatism.

Measurement of Posterior Corneal Astigmatism by the IOLMaster 700.

Purpose: To provide the first description of posterior corneal astigmatism as measured by the IOLMaster 700 (Carl Zeiss Meditec, Jena, Germany) and assess how its characteristics compare to previous measurements from other devices.

Methods: A total of 1,098 routine IOLMaster 700 biometric measurements were analyzed to provide magnitudes and orientation of steep and flat axes of anterior and posterior corneal astigmatism. Subgroup analysis was conducted to assess correlation of posterior corneal astigmatism characteristics to anterior corneal astigmatism and describe the distribution of posterior corneal astigmatism with age.

Assessing the Likely Effect of Posterior Corneal Curvature on Toric IOL Calculation for IOLs of 2.50 D or Greater Cylinder Power.

Purpose: To establish whether average refractive overcorrection or undercorrection of corneal astigmatism based on the orientation (rule) of the astigmatism occurs if toric intraocular lenses (IOLs) are calculated on the basis of anterior corneal measurements in eyes requiring toric IOL cylinder power of 2.50 diopters (D) or greater.

Methods: One hundred thirteen consecutive eyes with anterior corneal keratometric astigmatism requiring IOL cylinder power of 2.

Antibiotic prophylaxis in cataract surgery in the setting of penicillin allergy: A decision-making algorithm.

Cataract surgery is the most commonly performed surgical procedure in many developed countries. Postoperative endophthalmitis is a rare complication with potentially devastating visual outcomes. Currently, there is no global consensus regarding antibiotic prophylaxis in cataract surgery despite growing evidence of the benefits of prophylactic intracameral cefuroxime at the conclusion of surgery.

Corneal collagen crosslinking and pigment dispersion syndrome.

We describe the case of a keratoconus patient with pigment dispersion syndrome (PDS) who was treated for progressive corneal ectasia with corneal collagen crosslinking (CXL). Pigment dispersion syndrome has been shown to have associated morphologic changes of the corneal endothelium. Corneal CXL has the potential to cause toxicity to the corneal endothelium, and adjacent pigment might increase the likelihood of damage.

High rate of incidental glaucoma detection in New Zealand.

Aim: To investigate how glaucoma is initially detected in New Zealanders and what factors aroused disease suspicion.

Methods: A postal survey of 500 randomly selected members of the Glaucoma New Zealand database was undertaken in 2012 to analyse factors relating to their initial presentation and diagnosis of glaucoma. Online surveys and telephone interviews were used to increase the response rate.