Rates and Risk Factors for Quadriceps and Patellar Tendon Repair Failure: A Single Institution Case Series.

Quadriceps and patellar tendon ruptures are rare but serious injuries that can severely disrupt function and quality of life. The aim of this study was to evaluate the rates and risk factors for failed quadriceps and patellar tendon repairs. A retrospective review of 78 patients undergoing surgical repair for quadriceps or patellar tendon rupture from March 2014 to December 2020 was performed.

Outcomes of Total Hip Arthroplasty With and Without a History of Hip Arthroscopy.

Studies have shown increased risk for dislocation, loosening, and revision in patients undergoing total hip arthroplasty (THA) after hip arthroscopy (HA). The authors examined differences in presentation and outcomes between patients who underwent THA with and without prior HA from 2016 to 2021. Twenty-one HA to THA patients were matched on age, sex, race, body mass index (BMI), American Society of Anesthesiology (ASA) score, and comorbidities to 100 THA controls.

Activation of plant immunity through conversion of a helper NLR homodimer into a resistosome.

Nucleotide-binding domain and leucine-rich repeat (NLR) proteins can engage in complex interactions to detect pathogens and execute a robust immune response via downstream helper NLRs. However, the biochemical mechanisms of helper NLR activation by upstream sensor NLRs remain poorly understood. Here, we show that the coiled-coil helper NLR NRC2 from Nicotiana benthamiana accumulates in vivo as a homodimer that converts into a higher-order oligomer upon activation by its upstream virus disease resistance protein Rx.

Genetically-clustered antifungal phytocytokines and receptor protein family members cooperate to trigger plant immune signaling.

Phytocytokines regulate plant immunity by cooperating with cell-surface proteins. Populus trichocarpa RUST INDUCED SECRETED PEPTIDE 1 (PtRISP1) exhibits an elicitor activity in poplar, as well as a direct antimicrobial activity against rust fungi. PtRISP1 gene directly clusters with a gene encoding a leucine-rich repeat receptor protein (LRR-RP), that we termed RISP-ASSOCIATED LRR-RP (PtRALR).

Total Intravenous Anesthesia Compared to Inhalational Anesthesia in Patients Undergoing Arthroscopic Rotator Cuff Repair.

Background Inhalation anesthesia (IA) and total intravenous anesthesia (TIVA) are common general anesthesia techniques. During rotator cuff repair (RCR), an interscalene block is beneficial for intraoperative and early postoperative pain control. This study aimed to evaluate postoperative outcomes and opioid usage in patients undergoing arthroscopic RCR with an interscalene block and either IA or TIVA.

Injections prior to hip arthroscopy are associated with increased risk of repeat hip arthroscopy at 1 and 5 years.

Introduction: Previous studies have shown that intra-articular hip injections prior to hip arthroscopy (HA) can be a helpful diagnostic tool. However, local anesthetic and corticosteroid injections can be chondrotoxic and corticosteroid injections have been shown to increase the risk of infection during subsequent surgical intervention. The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether preoperative injections adversely affect outcomes of HA using a national database.

Change in Postoperative Weightbearing Protocol Does Not Increase Postoperative Complications Following Hip Arthroscopy for Femoroacetabular Impingement Syndrome.

Background Postoperative rehabilitation protocols, including weightbearing restrictions following hip arthroscopy (HA) for femoracetabular impingement syndrome (FAIS), vary widely among surgeons, from complete non-weightbearing to immediate weightbearing as tolerated; it is unclear if weightbearing restrictions affect short-term outcomes in patients undergoing HA. The purpose of this study is to evaluate patients undergoing hip arthroscopy for FAIS before and after a change in weightbearing protocol, from partial weightbearing with crutches for three weeks to weightbearing and weaning from crutches as tolerated, by examining postoperative outcomes. We hypothesize that the change in weightbearing protocol will have no significant effect on patient outcomes.

Clinical Results of Knot-tying Versus Knotless Suture Anchors in Arthroscopic Anteroinferior Labral Repair.

Background Arthroscopic repair of glenohumeral instability is becoming an increasingly common procedure. These repairs can be undertaken using knot-tying and knotless suture anchors; there is currently no clear consensus in the literature about what type of repair is most cost-effective and provides superior outcomes. The purpose of this study is to examine postoperative outcomes of patients undergoing arthroscopic anteroinferior labral repair (AALR) with either knot-tying or knotless anchors.

Elimination of a Postoperative Brace Does Not Increase Complications Following Hip Arthroscopy.

Background The practice of routine postoperative bracing to limit abduction and internal rotation, along with weight-bearing restrictions after hip arthroscopy (HA), varies significantly among surgeons. It is unclear whether the use of a postoperative brace improves short-term outcomes in patients undergoing HA. The purpose of this study was to determine the differences in patient outcomes before and after eliminating routine usage of a postoperative brace.

Risk of Lower Extremity Ligamentous Injury Following Concussion Diagnosis: A TriNetX Database Study.

Background Concussion is one of the most frequently reported sports-related injuries in the United States; there is evidence that residual deficits in neurocognition may increase the risk of lower extremity musculoskeletal injury after concussion in high school, college, and professional athletes. The purpose of this study is to identify whether similar trends are identified in community-based populations.  Methods The TriNetX Research Network database was queried for patients 10-60 years old who experienced an ambulatory or emergency visit from 2018-2020.

A survey of highly cited studies on plant pathogen effectors during the last two decades (2000-2020).

Plant effector biology is a research area that describes how plant-associated organisms modulate host structures and function to promote colonization by using small molecules (effectors). In this article, we analyzed 249 highly cited publications focused on plant pathogen effectors (, Highly Influential studies on plant Pathogen Effectors; thereafter HIPEs) published between 2000 and 2020. This analysis identifies countries, organizations, and journals that contributed HIPEs, and reveals the evolution of research trends, model molecules, and model organisms over the last two decades.

Rates of medial and lateral row failure and risk factors for Re-tear in arthroscopic double row rotator cuff repair.

A common postoperative complication after rotator cuff repair is re-tear requiring a secondary procedure. Double row and trans-osseous equivalent repair techniques have become increasingly popular in recent years, however repair failure remains a relatively common complication after primary rotator cuff repair. A retrospective observational study of 389 consecutive patients undergoing arthroscopic double-row rotator cuff repair from February 1, 2014 to March 31, 2020 was conducted.

Postoperative Outcomes in Patients Undergoing Orthopaedic Surgery Within 90 Days of Coronavirus Disease 2019.

Introduction: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has resulted in a global pandemic with several hundred million infections worldwide. COVID-19 causes systemic complications that last beyond the initial infection. It is not known whether patients who undergo elective orthopaedic surgeries after COVID-19 are at increased risk of complications.

Effects of preexisting depression and anxiety on postoperative outcomes following arthroscopic rotator cuff repair.

Background: Rotator cuff repairs (RCRs) are one of the most commonly performed shoulder surgeries in the United States. Psychological health has been shown to influence postoperative outcomes in orthopedic procedures. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the relationship between depression and anxiety (DA) and psychotropic medication and postoperative outcomes following RCR.

A decade after the first Pucciniales genomes: A bibliometric snapshot of (post) genomics studies in three model rust fungi.

Pucciniales (rust fungi) are one of the largest fungal order of plant pathogens. They collectively infect key crops such as wheat and soybean, and threaten global food security. In the early 2010s, the genome sequences of three rust fungi were released: (the poplar leaf rust fungus), f.

Improving sustainable crop protection using population genetics concepts.

Growing genetically resistant plants allows pathogen populations to be controlled and reduces the use of pesticides. However, pathogens can quickly overcome such resistance. In this context, how can we achieve sustainable crop protection? This crucial question has remained largely unanswered despite decades of intense debate and research effort.

2000-2019: Twenty Years of Highly Influential Publications in Molecular Plant Immunity.

Molecular plant immunity is a dynamic research field that broadly addresses how plants interact with their associated organisms and defend themselves against pests and pathogens. Here, we aimed at providing readers with a snapshot of influential molecular plant immunity research by identifying and analyzing 170 highly influential publications in molecular plant immunity (hereafter called HIPPYs) published in this field between 2000 and 2019. Our analysis draws a broad analytical knowledge of influential scientific advances in the field as well as of the research community that made them.

The impact of fascia iliaca nerve blockade on early postoperative pain and recovery after hip arthroscopy for femoroacetabular impingement syndrome.

Fascia iliaca nerve blockade (FIB) has been previously described as an effective technique for reducing postoperative pain and opioid consumption after hip arthroscopy for femoroacetabular impingement syndrome (FAIS). We hypothesize that an FIB will significantly reduce opioid consumption, pain scores and recovery time in our population. A retrospective observational study of 326 consecutive patients undergoing hip arthroscopy for FAIS at a single institution was performed.

Racial disparities in outcomes of arthroscopic rotator cuff repair: A propensity score matched analysis using multiple national data sets.

Background: Disparities in access, utilization and outcomes exist throughout the healthcare system for minority groups, including racial and ethnic minorities; these disparities have wide-reaching implications for individuals as well as the healthcare system as a whole. This study will examine the impact of race on short and medium term outcomes for patients undergoing rotator cuff repair (RCR) using matched cohorts.

Methods: Patients undergoing arthroscopic rotator cuff repair from 2016 to 2018 were extracted from two national databases: the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (ACS-NSQIP) and TriNetX Research Network.

Host Adaptation and Virulence in Heteroecious Rust Fungi.

Rust fungi (Pucciniales, Basidiomycota) are obligate biotrophic pathogens that cause rust diseases in plants, inflicting severe damage to agricultural crops. Pucciniales possess the most complex life cycles known in fungi. These include an alternation of generations, the development of up to five different sporulating stages, and, for many species, the requirement of infecting two unrelated host plants during different parts of their life cycle, termed heteroecism.

Host-interactor screens of Phytophthora infestans RXLR proteins reveal vesicle trafficking as a major effector-targeted process.

Pathogens modulate plant cell structure and function by secreting effectors into host tissues. Effectors typically function by associating with host molecules and modulating their activities. This study aimed to identify the host processes targeted by the RXLR class of host-translocated effectors of the potato blight pathogen Phytophthora infestans.