Background: fewer than half of patients infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV) achieve sustained viral clearance after peginterferon alfa/ribavirin (Peg-IFN/RBV) therapy.
Aims: thalidomide posses anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties through inhibition of tumor necrosis factor and costimulatory effect on human CD8+ T cells.
Methods: we started a prospective, open label trial of retreatment of very-difficult-to-treat genotype 1 chronic hepatitis C patients (CHC) patients, who had failed to respond to the (Peg-IFN/RBV), with a triple therapy consisting in these same antivirals plus thalidomide 200 mg/day (the TRITAL study).