Percutaneous atrial septal occluder devices and cardiac erosion: a review of the literature.

Objective: To systematically review all cases in the literature of erosion associated with atrial septal defect (ASD) occluder devices.

Background: Delayed erosion of the aortic or atrial wall is an infrequent but potentially lethal complication of percutaneous septal defect closure using an ASD device. The epidemiology is poorly understood.