Tumour Seeding Following Core Biopsy of a Mucoepidermoid Carcinoma of the Parotid: Radiological Evidence and a Surgical Approach to En-Bloc Dissection of the Mass and Tract.

Tumour seeding along the needle tract following core needle biopsy of the parotid is a recognised complication. We present a unique case of mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the parotid in an 18-year-old patient with associated tumour seeding within the core needle biopsy tract. Tumour seeding was confirmed both histologically and radiologically on magnetic resonance imaging as early as 35 days post-biopsy.

Submucosal Intraglossal Fish Bone Extraction: A Case for the Multidisciplinary Team.

Most impacted fish bones in the aerodigestive tract are easily removed or managed in the emergency department. Occasionally, they present as a diagnostic and surgical challenge. We present a case of a submucosal intraglossal fish bone extraction in a 38-year-old male who presented with localized pain in his tongue.

An Unusual Case of Ludwig's Angina Following Mandibular Fracture.

The mandible is the most commonly fractured bone in the maxillofacial region following trauma. Severe infections are rare, and so we highlight an unusual presentation of Ludwig's angina following a late presentation of a mandibular fracture in a 68-year-old gentleman with significant medical co-morbidities. The recovery process was prolonged and involved multi-disciplinary input.

Alcohol Labeling Regulations and Industry Compliance in Nigeria: Evidence to Guide Policy Implementation.

Objective: Alcohol labeling raises consumers' awareness of a product's composition and the risks associated with alcohol consumption. We identified mandatory elements and health warnings in alcohol regulations in Nigeria and evaluated selected product labels on alcoholic beverages produced in Nigeria to determine their compliance with the requirements.

Method: A descriptive case study was used.

Effects of a computerized psychological inoculation intervention on condom use tendencies in sub Saharan and Caucasian students: two feasibility trials.

An effective method for preventing the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is condom use. Yet, research shows limited effects of education on increasing condom use. This research examined the effects of psychological inoculation (PI) versus education on condom use -barriers and -tendencies, using a fully automatized online system.

Psychosocial factors predicting risky sexual behaviour among long distance truck drivers in Lagos, Nigeria.

Long distance truck drivers (LDTDs) have been identified as one of the groups at higher risk for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Understanding how certain social and psychological variables that have a strong theoretical basis contribute to sexual risk behaviour will guide in the implementation process of HIV risk-reduction intervention in the trucking population. In line with the conceptualisation of Information, Motivation and Behavioural skills model, we examined the extent that HIV knowledge, attitude towards condom use, peer support to condom use, perceived vulnerability to HIV/AIDS, and condom use self-efficacy will independently and jointly explain sexual risk behaviours of LDTDs in a haulage company in Lagos, Nigeria.

A new measurement of an indirect measure of condom use and its relationships with barriers.

One of the challenges facing researchers in the domain of human immunodeficiency virus prevention is the assessment of condom use in an unbiased self-reported manner. The current study presents the development and preliminary validation of an indirect condom use test (I-CUTE), designed to assess condom use tendencies and to overcome self-report biases. Two samples were included using correlational designs.

Loss of clusterin shifts amyloid deposition to the cerebrovasculature via disruption of perivascular drainage pathways.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by amyloid-β (Aβ) peptide deposition in brain parenchyma as plaques and in cerebral blood vessels as cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA). CAA deposition leads to several clinical complications, including intracerebral hemorrhage. The underlying molecular mechanisms that regulate plaque and CAA deposition in the vast majority of sporadic AD patients remain unclear.

The effects of psychological inoculation on cognitive barriers against condom use in women with HIV: A controlled pilot study.

Past studies have shown that in attempts to prevent HIV, health education yields little change in condom use. The reason may be that education fails to target barriers for changing behaviour. The present controlled pilot study tested whether psychological inoculation (PI) reduces such barriers for using male condoms.

Profile, comorbidity and impact of insomnia in the Ibadan study of ageing.

Objective: To provide information on the profile, comorbidity and impact of insomnia among an understudied group of elderly Africans.

Method: Using the WHO Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI), the 12-month prevalence of three forms of insomnia was assessed in face-to-face interviews conducted with a regionally-representative sample of elderly Nigerians, aged 65 years and over (n = 2152). The association of insomnia with quality of life, rated with the WHO Quality of Life instrument, was analyzed controlling for comorbid chronic pain, chronic medical conditions and DSM-IV major depressive disorder.

Depression and disability: comparisons with common physical conditions in the Ibadan study of aging.

Objectives: To compare the effects of depression and chronic physical conditions on disability in elderly persons.

Setting: Yoruba-speaking areas of Nigeria.

Design: Interviews.

A qualitative study of the feasibility and community perception on the effectiveness of artemether-lumefantrine use in the context of home management of malaria in south-west Nigeria.

Background: In Nigeria ACT use at the community level has not been evaluated and the use of antimalarial drugs (commonly chloroquine (CQ)) at home has been shown to be largely incorrect. The treatment regimen of ACT is however more complicated than that of CQ. There is thus a need to determine the feasibility of using ACT at the home level and determine community perception on its use.

Higher-risk sexual behaviour among HIV patients receiving antiretroviral treatment in Ibadan, Nigeria.

A stress-coping model was tested to examine the role that negative life events, coping methods, and depression might play in moderating the associations between HIV-related factors (ARV drug regimen, HIV staging and CD4 count) and higher-risk sexual behaviours of people living with HIV/AIDS. The model depicted hypothesised relationships among several characteristics of HIV-related variables, negative life events, coping behaviours and depression. One hundred and fifty-four HIV patients who were receiving antiretroviral therapy through the PEPFAR programme in Ibadan, Nigeria, responded to a questionnaire.

A descriptive epidemiology of substance use and substance use disorders in Nigeria during the early 21st century.

Background: Several studies have examined the use of psychoactive substances among selected groups in Nigeria. Here, we extend the description to include the features of substance dependence.

Method: A stratified multi-stage random sampling of households was used to select respondents in 21 of Nigeria's 36 states (representing 57% of the national population).

Psychological distress in the first year after diagnosis of HIV infection among women in South Africa.

Cross-sectional studies on psychological responses associated with an HIV diagnosis are replete, but a paucity of research exists to evaluate the changes and stability of these responses, particularly among black African women. One hundred and five HIV-positive black and coloured women were studied as they reported for follow-up health management at the outpatient clinic for infectious diseases at Tygerberg Hospital in Cape Town, South Africa. They were assessed at baseline and 51 returned for a follow-up interview six months later.

Persistence of psychiatric disorders in a cohort of HIV/AIDS patients in South Africa: a 6-month follow-up study.

Background: Psychiatric disorders in HIV/AIDS are common, emerging soon after diagnosis or during the subsequent course of illness. However, there are few prospective studies on the rates of psychiatric disorders in HIV/AIDS, particularly in the context of the developing world.

Methods: Sixty-five patients with recently diagnosed HIV were interviewed on presentation to a hospital-based HIV clinic and then 6 months later.

Predictors of condom use among sexually active persons involved in compulsory national service in Ibadan, Nigeria.

Migration is known to increase the risk of heterosexual transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in sub-Saharan Africa, but little attention has been paid to fresh graduates of tertiary institutions who are on migration for compulsory national assignment in Nigeria. In July and August 2004, a survey was conducted on sexually active men (n = 344) and women (n = 373) to investigate determinants of condom use during national service. Sixty-eight percent of men and 41% of women reported condom use at last intercourse before the survey.

Do beliefs about causation influence attitudes to mental illness?

Studies indicate that stigmatizing attitudes to mental illness are rampant in the community worldwide. It is unclear whether views about the causation of mental disorders identify persons with more negative attitudes. Using data collected as part of a community study of knowledge of and attitudes to mental illness in Nigeria, we examined the relationships between views about causation and attitudes.

Community study of knowledge of and attitude to mental illness in Nigeria.

Background: The improvement of community tolerance of people with mental illness is important for their integration. Little is known about the knowledge of and attitude to mental illness in sub-Saharan Africa.

Aims: To determine the knowledge and attitudes of a representative community sample in Nigeria.

Psychopathology and coping in recently diagnosed HIV/AIDS patients--the role of gender.

Background: Although there is growing literature on the psychological responses to and the psychopathology associated with HIV/AIDS, few investigations have focused on the role of gender. This study compared psychiatric morbidity, coping responses, and disability in male and female outpatients recently diagnosed with HIV/AIDS.

Method: One hundred and forty-nine patients (44 male, 105 female) with HIV/AIDS (mean +/- standard deviation (SD) months since diagnosis 5.