Crew Autonomy During Simulated Medical Event Management on Long Duration Space Exploration Missions.

Objective: Our primary aim was to investigate crew performance during medical emergencies with and without ground-support from a flight surgeon located at mission control.

Background: There are gaps in knowledge regarding the potential for unanticipated in-flight medical events to affect crew health and capacity, and potentially compromise mission success. Additionally, ground support may be impaired or periodically absent during long duration missions.

SARS-CoV-2 antibodies protect against reinfection for at least 6 months in a multicentre seroepidemiological workplace cohort.

Identifying the potential for SARS-CoV-2 reinfection is crucial for understanding possible long-term epidemic dynamics. We analysed longitudinal PCR and serological testing data from a prospective cohort of 4,411 United States employees in 4 states between April 2020 and February 2021. We conducted a multivariable logistic regression investigating the association between baseline serological status and subsequent PCR test result in order to calculate an odds ratio for reinfection.

Epidemiological and Immunological Features of Obesity and SARS-CoV-2.

Obesity is a key correlate of severe SARS-CoV-2 outcomes while the role of obesity on risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection, symptom phenotype, and immune response remain poorly defined. We examined data from a prospective SARS-CoV-2 cohort study to address these questions. Serostatus, body mass index, demographics, comorbidities, and prior COVID-19 compatible symptoms were assessed at baseline and serostatus and symptoms monthly thereafter.

Adapting Disease Prevention Protocols for Human Spaceflight During COVID-19.

The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Flight Crew Health Stabilization Program (HSP) was historically implemented to minimize infectious disease transmission to astronauts in the immediate prelaunch period. The first ever commercial application and adaptation of the NASA HSP was implemented during the Crew Demo-2 mission in the time of the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. This article details and discusses the first commercial implementation and adaptation of the HSP prior to the Crew Demo-2 launch.

Discrete SARS-CoV-2 antibody titers track with functional humoral stability.

Antibodies serve as biomarkers of infection, but if sustained can confer long-term immunity. Yet, for most clinically approved vaccines, binding antibody titers only serve as a surrogate of protection. Instead, the ability of vaccine induced antibodies to neutralize or mediate Fc-effector functions is mechanistically linked to protection.

Epidemiological and immunological features of obesity and SARS-CoV-2.

Obesity is a key correlate of severe SARS-CoV-2 outcomes while the role of obesity on risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection, symptom phenotype, and immune response are poorly defined. We examined data from a prospective SARS-CoV-2 cohort study to address these questions. Serostatus, body mass index, demographics, comorbidities, and prior COVID-19 compatible symptoms were assessed at baseline and serostatus and symptoms monthly thereafter.

Natural variation in stochastic photoreceptor specification and color preference in .

Each individual perceives the world in a unique way, but little is known about the genetic basis of variation in sensory perception. In the fly eye, the random mosaic of color-detecting R7 photoreceptor subtypes is determined by stochastic on/off expression of the transcription factor Spineless (Ss). In a genome-wide association study, we identified a naturally occurring insertion in a regulatory DNA element in that lowers the ratio of Ss to Ss cells.

Large scale genomic reorganization of topological domains at the HoxD locus.

Background: The transcriptional activation of HoxD genes during mammalian limb development involves dynamic interactions with two topologically associating domains (TADs) flanking the HoxD cluster. In particular, the activation of the most posterior HoxD genes in developing digits is controlled by regulatory elements located in the centromeric TAD (C-DOM) through long-range contacts.

Results: To assess the structure-function relationships underlying such interactions, we measured compaction levels and TAD discreteness using a combination of chromosome conformation capture (4C-seq) and DNA FISH.