Does the use of a 3-mm extended tray during an at-home bleaching treatment increase gingival irritation? A randomized clinical trial.

Statement Of Problem: Gingival irritation is a common side effect of at-home bleaching, but how the design of the bleaching tray affects its occurrence is unclear.

Purpose: The purpose of this randomized clinical trial was to determine whether a direct relationship is present between the design of bleaching trays and the risk of gingival irritation during at-home bleaching treatments.

Material And Methods: This clinical trial was registered at ClinicalTrials.

Clinical Decision-Making of Repair vs. Replacement of Defective Direct Dental Restorations: A Multinational Cross-Sectional Study With Meta-Analysis.

Objectives: This web-based survey, conducted across multiple countries, sought to explore the factors that impact the decision-making of clinicians when it comes to managing defective direct restorations.

Methods: A survey consisting of 14 questions was sent out to dentists in 21 countries through various online platforms. The survey consisted of two sections.

Nanostructured ZnO thin film to enhance gutta-percha's adhesion to endodontic sealers.

Background: Gutta-percha (GP) combined with an endodontic sealer is still the core material most widely used for tridimensional obturation. The sealer acts as a bonding agent between the GP and the root dentinal walls. However, one of the main drawbacks of GP core material is the lack of adhesiveness to the sealer.

Repair versus replacement of defective direct dental restorations: A multinational cross-sectional study with meta-analysis.

Objectives: When dental practitioners encounter a defective restoration, they are faced with a crucial decision whether to repair or replace it. This study aims to explore international preferences for repair procedures and the clinical steps taken during the repair process.

Method: An 11-question survey was distributed to dentists across 21 countries via different platforms.

A retrospective clinical study to compare the ability of cone-beam computed tomographic images and periapical radiographs to reveal cracked teeth, split teeth, and teeth with vertical root fractures.

Background: This retrospective clinical study aimed to compare the sensitivity of cone-beam computed tomographic (CBCT) images and periapical (PA) radiographs to reveal cracked teeth, split teeth, and teeth with vertical root fractures (VRFs).

Methods: The authors included 98 patients (98 teeth) diagnosed with a longitudinal tooth fracture (LTF) (cracked tooth, split tooth, VRF) through direct visualization after extraction and with comprehensive clinical and radiographic records. They collected demographic, clinical, and radiographic data.

Three-Dimensional Printed Teeth in Endodontics: A New Protocol for Microcomputed Tomography Studies.

This study aimed to describe a support material removal protocol (SMRP) from inside the root canals of three-dimensional printed teeth (3DPT) obtained by the microcomputed tomography (microCT) of a natural tooth (NT), evaluate its effectiveness by comparing the 3DPT to NT in terms of internal anatomy and behaviour toward endodontic preparation, and evaluate if 3DPT are adequate to assess the differences between two preparation systems. After the SMRP, twenty 3DPT printed by PolyJet™ were microCT scanned before preparation and thereafter randomly assigned into two groups (n = 10). One group and NT were prepared using ProTaper Gold (PTG), and the other group with Endogal (ENDG).

Cone-Beam Computed Tomography for the Evaluation of Dental Pulp Chamber Volume: Implications for Clinics and Teaching.

The dental pulp chamber volume is a fundamental measurement in the field of endodontics, but also in forensic sciences, teaching and training, or tissue engineering. This study evaluates the precision of cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) in comparison with computed micro-tomography (micro-CT) in evaluating the pulp chamber volume of the upper central incisors ex vivo. The intra-operator and inter-operator errors were evaluated, and the results for the two techniques were compared with those of a T-test for paired samples.

New Technique for Wedge Selection in Direct Class II Restorations: A Pilot Study.

Performing an appropriate Class II direct restoration is a great challenge. The correct selection of the matrix system and the elements used for its stabilization will have a great impact on the result. The aim of this study is to show a new digital method for a predictable selection of the wedge and compare it with the conventional method.

Effect of Dentin Irrigants on Push-Out Bond Strength in Resin Cementation Protocols for Fiber Posts in Endodontically Treated Teeth: An In Vitro Study.

The aim of this study is to analyze the effects of different endodontic irrigants and adhesive systems on the resin bond strength of fiber post cementation. In total, 144 single-rooted, unrestored human teeth were endodontically treated and randomly divided into 12 groups according to four endodontic irrigants (distilled water as control; EDTA 17%; NaOCl 5%; chlorhexidine digluconate 2%) and three different adhesive/resin cement systems (etch-and-rinse: orthophosphoric acid, Parabond A+B/Paracore; self-etch: ParaBond Non-Rinse Conditioner, Parabond A+B/Paracore; Universal: Clearfil Universal Bond/Clearfil DC Core Plus). Forty-eight hours after post cementation, ten teeth from each group were cross-sectioned into three discs (cervical, middle and apical regions).

Comparative Study of the Influence of Heat Treatment on Fracture Resistance of Different Ceramic Materials Used for CAD/CAM Systems.

Unlabelled: The aim of this study was to compare the influence of heat treatment on fracture resistance (FR) of different ceramic materials used for CAD/CAM systems.

Methods: Eighty monolithic restorations were designed using the same parameters and milled with a CAD/CAM system (CEREC SW 5.0, PrimeMill, Dentsply-Sirona™, Bensheim, Germany), forming five study groups: Group 1 (n = 10), CEREC Tessera (Dentsply-Sirona™, Bensheim, Germany) crystallized (CCT), Group 2 (n = 10), CEREC Tessera uncrystallized (UCT), Group 3 (n = 20), Emax-CAD (Ivoclar Vivadent, Schaan, Liechtenstein) (CEC), Group 4 (n = 20), Vita Suprinity (Vita Zahnfabrik, Bad Säckingen, Germany) (CVS), and Group 5 (n = 20) Cameo (Aidite, Qinhuangdao, China) (CC).

Acid-Sensing Ion Channels' Immunoreactivity in Nerve Profiles and Glomus Cells of the Human Carotid Body.

The carotid body is a major peripheral chemoreceptor that senses changes in arterial blood oxygen, carbon dioxide, and pH, which is important for the regulation of breathing and cardiovascular function. The mechanisms by which the carotid body senses O and CO are well known; conversely, the mechanisms by which it senses pH variations are almost unknown. Here, we used immunohistochemistry to investigate how the human carotid body contributes to the detection of acidosis, analyzing whether it expresses acid-sensing ion channels (ASICs) and determining whether these channels are in the chemosensory glomic cells or in the afferent nerves.

Immunohistochemical detection of PIEZO1 and PIEZO2 in human digital Meissner´s corpuscles.

Background: The cutaneous end organ complexes or cutaneous sensory corpuscles are specialized sensory organs associated to low-threshold mechanoreceptors. Mechano-gated proteins forming a part of ion channels have been detected in both the axon and terminal glial cells of Meissner corpuscles, a specific cutaneous end organ complex in the human glabrous skin. The main candidates to mechanotransduction in Meissner corpuscles are members of the Piezo family of cationic ion channels.

Immunolocalization of the mechanogated ion channels PIEZO1 and PIEZO2 in human and mouse dental pulp and periodontal ligament.

PIEZO1 and PIEZO2 are essential components of mechanogated ion channels, which are required for mechanotransduction and biological processes associated with mechanical stimuli. There is evidence for the presence of PIEZO1 and PIEZO2 in teeth and periodontal ligaments, especially in cell lines and mice, but human studies are almost nonexistent. Decalcified permanent human teeth and mouse molars were processed for immunohistochemical detection of PIEZO1 and PIEZO2.

Predictors of periapical bone healing associated with teeth having large periapical lesions following nonsurgical root canal treatment or retreatment: A cone beam computed tomography-based retrospective study.

Aim: Several factors influence the condition of the periapical tissues associated with root filled teeth. The primary objective of this study was to retrospectively evaluate the extent and speed of bone healing of large periapical lesions associated with nonsurgical root canal treatment or retreatment. The secondary objective was to analyse the relationship between the time to complete healing when analysed using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) and other possible predictors that affect healing.

Exploring somatosensory innervation of the human lip: A focus on the vermilion.

Background: The lips are a vital component of the face and are densely innervated to perform various functions. The lip edges are covered with mucocutaneous tissue called vermilion which is particularly receptive to touch and temperature. The aim of this study was to investigate the somatosensory innervation of human lips, focusing on sensory corpuscles and the presence of mechano-gated (ASIC2, PIEZO2, and TRPV4) and thermosensing (TRPV1, TRPM2, and RPM8) ion channels within them.

Proprioceptive innervation of the human lips.

The objective of this study was to analyze the proprioceptive innervation of human lips, especially of the orbicularis oris muscle, since it is classically accepted that facial muscles lack typical proprioceptors, that is, muscle spindles, but recently this has been doubted. Upper and lower human lips (n = 5) from non-embalmed frozen cadavers were immunostained for detection of S100 protein (to identify nerves and sensory nerve formations), myosin heavy chain (to label muscle fibers within muscle spindles), and the mechano-gated ion channel PIEZO2. No muscle spindles were found, but there was a high density of sensory nerve formations, which were morphologically heterogeneous, and in some cases resemble Ruffini-like and Pacinian sensory corpuscles.

Vertical preparation: a new technique for analogical and digital impressions.

The BOPT technique (Biologically Oriented Preparation Technique) was proposed by Loi et al. (1) and has become a popular form of vertical preparation for complete crowns with promising results. In this procedure, the clinician can operate on the gingival tissue during preparation and modify its structure in thickness and height by adding modifications on the provisional restoration.

Functionalization of gutta-percha surfaces with argon and oxygen plasma treatments to enhance adhesiveness.

Gutta-percha's lack of adhesion has been presented as a drawback to avoid gaps at sealer/gutta-percha interface. Plasma treatments have been scarcely assessed on gutta-percha surfaces as a method of enhancing adhesiveness. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of low-pressure Argon and Oxygen plasma atmospheres on conventional and bioceramic gutta-percha standardized smooth discs, assessing their roughness, surface free energy, chemical structure, and sealer wettability.

Attitude and practice of regenerative endodontic procedures among endodontists and paediatric dentists: A multinational survey from 13 countries.

Background: Regenerative endodontics (RET) refers to biologically based procedures that aim to restore damaged tooth structures and reinstate the pulp-dentine complex to its normal physiological state.

Aim: The purpose of this study was to examine the attitudes and practices of endodontists and paediatric dentists regarding RET.

Design: A survey was conducted among endodontists and paediatric dentists from 13 countries.

Conservative management of dens in dente.

Dens Invaginatus (DI) or dens in dente is an uncommon anomaly which mostly affects permanent lateral incisors, and it is very rare in molars. This article presents the conservative endodontic management of four different cases of DI and a discussion of the endodontic literature for this malformation. Three upper lateral incisors Type II, IIIa and IIIb, and an upper first molar Type II are shown.

Factors Affecting the Decision-making of Direct Pulp Capping Procedures among Dental Practitioners: A Multinational Survey from 16 Countries with Meta-analysis.

Introduction: Direct pulp capping (DPC) procedures require the placement of a bioactive material over an exposure site without selective pulp tissue removal. This web-based multicentered survey had 3 purposes: (1) to investigate the factors that affect clinicians' decisions in DPC cases, (2) to determine which method of caries removal is preferred, and (3) to evaluate the preferred capping material for DPC.

Methods: The questionnaire comprised 3 sections.

Adapting Demirjian Standards for Portuguese and Spanish Children and Adolescents.

Unlabelled: Estimation of children's chronological age is highly important in human and forensic sciences. The Demirjian method has been reported as accurate for this purpose. The literature review shows some evidence that the accuracy of estimating chronological age via the Demirjian standards is not a straightforward process.

Pacinian Corpuscles as a Diagnostic Clue of Ledderhose Disease-A Case Report and Mapping of Pacinian Corpuscles of the Sole.

Background: Plantar fibromatosis, known as Ledderhose disease, is a neoplastic disease characterized by a locally-aggressive bland fibroblastic proliferation. Although Pacinian corpuscles alterations are commonly described in palmar fibromatosis, there are still no references about Pacinian corpuscles alterations in the rarer plantar version.

Methods: We present a case report where a wide cutaneous resection, including the plantar fascia was performed, allowing a detailed study of Pacinian corpuscles.