Experimental Infection of Calves with Transfected Attenuated Expressing the Bm86 Antigen and eGFP Marker: Preliminary Studies towards a Dual Anti-Tick/Babesia Vaccine.

Bovine babesiosis, caused by and , is a major tick-borne disease of cattle with global economic impact. The disease can be prevented using integrated control measures including attenuated vaccines, babesicidal drugs, and tick control approaches. Vaccination of cattle with the Bm86-based recombinant vaccine reduces the fitness of and , but several booster inoculations are required to maintain protection.