Contemporary care patterns in the management of small renal masses.

Objectives: Incidental small renal masses (SRMs) now account for the majority of new diagnoses of renal cancers. Although there are established management guidelines, referral and management patterns can vary. We aimed to explore identification, practice patterns, and management of identified SRMs in an integrated health system.

Assessment of Disruptive Life Events for Individuals Diagnosed With Schizophrenia or Bipolar I Disorder Using Data From a Consumer Credit Reporting Agency.

Importance: There is a dearth of population-level data on major disruptive life events (defined here as arrests by a legal authority, address changes, bankruptcy, lien, and judgment filings) for patients with bipolar I disorder (BPI) or schizophrenia, which has limited studies on mental health and treatment outcomes.

Objective: To conduct a population-level study on disruptive life events by using publicly available data on disruptive life events, aggregated by a consumer credit reporting agency in conjunction with electronic health record (EHR) data.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This study used EHR data from 2 large, integrated health care systems, Kaiser Permanente Southern California and Henry Ford Health.

Neighborhood deprivation and residential property values do not affect weight loss at 1 or 3 years after bariatric surgery.

Objective: This study examined the association between individual- and neighborhood-level sociodemographic factors and surgical weight loss at 1 year (short term) and 3 years (long term).

Methods: Data were obtained from the baseline survey of the BELONG (Bariatric Experience Long Term) prospective longitudinal cohort study. Individual-level self-reported data on sex, race and ethnicity, education, and household income were obtained by survey.

The association of 1-year weight loss from bariatric surgery and self-reported sleep: a prospective cohort.

Objective: This study examined the association of weight loss following bariatric surgery with self-reported sleep quality after accounting for other sleep-related factors.

Methods: Participants were from the Bariatric Experience Long Term (BELONG) study. Participants completed a survey up to 6 months before surgery and approximately 1 year after surgery.

A genetic platform for functionally profiling odorant receptors in olfactory cilia ex vivo.

The molecular basis for odor perception in humans remains enigmatic because of the difficulty in studying odorant receptors (ORs) outside their native environment. Efforts toward OR expression and functional profiling have been met with limited success because of the poor efficiency of their cell surface expression in vitro. Structures protruding from the surface of olfactory sensory neurons called cilia contain all of the components of the olfactory signal transduction machinery and can be placed in an ex vivo plate assay to rapidly measure odor-specific responses.

Effect of a Community-Based Medical Oncology Depression Screening Program on Behavioral Health Referrals Among Patients With Breast Cancer: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: Implementation of guideline-recommended depression screening in medical oncology remains challenging. Evidence suggests that multicomponent care pathways with algorithm-based referral and management are effective, yet implementation of sustainable programs remains limited and implementation-science guided approaches are understudied.

Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of an implementation-strategy guided depression screening program for patients with breast cancer in a community setting.

A mixed-methods evaluation of home-based primary care in dementia within an integrated system.

Background: No prior studies have examined the effects of home-based primary care (HBPC) in persons living with dementia (PLWD), within an ecosystem of serious illness care in an integrated healthcare system. Our objectives were to compare the characteristics of PLWD receiving HBPC and their hospital utilization and end-of-life care, with those of a matched comparison group, and to understand the experiences of family caregivers of PLWD receiving HBPC.

Methods: This mixed-methods study used a retrospective observational cohort design with PLWD receiving HBPC (n = 287) from 2015 to 2020 and a strata-matched comparison group (n = 861), and qualitative phone interviews with 16 HBPC family caregivers in 2020.

The longitudinal associations of physical activity, time spent outdoors in nature and symptoms of depression and anxiety during COVID-19 quarantine and social distancing in the United States.

Stressors associated with COVID-19 pandemic stay-at-home orders are associated with increased depression and anxiety and decreased physical activity. Given that physical activity and time spent outdoors in nature are associated with improved mental health, we examined the longitudinal association of these variables during the pandemic. Over 20,000 adults who participated in the U.

Service Use by Medicaid Recipients With Serious Mental Illness During an RCT of the Bridge Peer Health Navigator Intervention.

Objective: Integration of general medical care and mental health care is a high priority for individuals with serious mental illnesses because of their high risk of morbidity and early mortality. The Bridge is a peer-led, health navigator intervention designed to improve access to and use of health care and self-management of medical services by individuals with serious mental illnesses. This study expands on a previous study in which the authors examined participants' self-reported outcomes from a 12-month randomized controlled trial of the Bridge.

Prevalence and Characteristics of Chronic Cough in Adults Identified by Administrative Data.

Context: International Classification of Diseases-9/10 codes for chronic cough (CC) do not exist, limiting investigation.

Objective: To develop a computerized algorithm to determine CC prevalence and its characteristics.

Design: This observational study using administrative data identified hierarchically patients aged 18 to 85 years with CC from 2013 to 2016.

Association of sugar-sweetened beverage intake with maternal postpartum weight retention.

Objective: During the perinatal period, modifiable behaviours contributing to excess weight gain, including sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) intake, are understudied. We examined the extent to which perinatal SSB intake affects postpartum weight retention (PPWR).

Design: We measured SSB intake frequency in the third trimester and 1-month postpartum using the NHANES Dietary Screener Questionnaire.

Patient-Reported Burden of Chronic Cough in a Managed Care Organization.

Background: The burden of chronic cough (CC) requires better understanding.

Objective: To determine the severity, health status, and health care resource utilization among patients with CC identified by electronic health records on 2 visits separated by ≥1 year.

Methods: Information on cough-related burden was collected through survey from patients with CC, including validated questionnaires (the cough health status Leicester Cough Questionnaire [LCQ], the cough hypersensitivity Hull Airway Reflux Questionnaire [HARQ], and the Cough Quality of Life Questionnaire [CQLQ]), CC-associated respiratory and gastrointestinal comorbidities, and treatment responses.

The Conserved RNA Exonuclease Rexo5 Is Required for 3' End Maturation of 28S rRNA, 5S rRNA, and snoRNAs.

Non-coding RNA biogenesis in higher eukaryotes has not been fully characterized. Here, we studied the Drosophila melanogaster Rexo5 (CG8368) protein, a metazoan-specific member of the DEDDh 3'-5' single-stranded RNA exonucleases, by genetic, biochemical, and RNA-sequencing approaches. Rexo5 is required for small nucleolar RNA (snoRNA) and rRNA biogenesis and is essential in D.

Non-aggregating tau phosphorylation by cyclin-dependent kinase 5 contributes to motor neuron degeneration in spinal muscular atrophy.

Mechanisms underlying motor neuron degeneration in spinal muscular atrophy (SMA), the leading inherited cause of infant mortality, remain largely unknown. Many studies have established the importance of hyperphosphorylation of the microtubule-associated protein tau in various neurodegenerative disorders, including Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. However, tau phosphorylation in SMA pathogenesis has yet to be investigated.

A dental school and a bank: partnership for community service.

The University of California Los Angeles School of Dentistry/Nara Bank, a public-private partnership, is a model of collaboration between an academic institution and the private finance world. At the outset, none of those involved anticipated these diverse entities would have common ground. But through a series of open and frank discussions, the leadership of the School of Dentistry and Nara Bank identified business opportunities that are not only mutually beneficial, but also central to their respective core values of providing community service.