Influence of body composition measures on chyle leak after oesophagectomy.

Background: Chyle leak (CL) is an infrequent but potentially serious complication of oesophagectomy. Sarcopenia is an increasingly recognised prognostic factor in oesophageal cancer surgery. The aim of this study was to identify the influence of body composition measures on CL following oesophagectomy.

Critical appraisal on the impact of preoperative rehabilitation and outcomes after major abdominal and cardiothoracic surgery: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: There has been increasing interest in the prehabilitation of patients undergoing major abdominal surgery to improve perioperative outcomes. This systematic review and meta-analysis aims to evaluate and compare the current literature on prehabilitation in major abdominal surgery and cardiothoracic surgery METHODS: A systematic literature search was conducted for studies reporting prehabilitation in patients undergoing major abdominal and cardiothoracic surgery. Meta-analysis of postoperative outcomes (overall and major complications, pulmonary and cardiac complications, postoperative pneumonia, and length of hospital stay) was performed using random effects models.

Conduit necrosis following esophagectomy: An up-to-date literature review.

Esophageal conduit ischaemia and necrosis is an uncommon but devastating complication of esophagectomy and remains one of the most challenging issues in surgical practice. The incidence, time interval to develop symptoms, and clinical presentation are highly variable with no predictable pattern. Evidence comes from case reports and case series rather than randomized controlled trials.

Correction to: Body composition assessment and sarcopenia in patients with gastric cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

In the original publication of this article, most of the reference citations in Tables 1 and 2 were published incorrectly. The corrected tables are given in this correction.

Body composition assessment and sarcopenia in patients with gastric cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Introduction: There has recently been increased interest in the assessment of body composition in patients with gastric cancer for the purpose of prognostication. This systematic review and meta-analysis aim to evaluate the current literature on body composition assessment in patients with gastric cancer and its impact on peri-operative outcomes.

Methods: A systematic literature search was conducted for studies reporting assessment of body composition in patients with gastric cancers.

A Population-Based Cohort Study of Emergency Appendectomy Performed in England and New York State.

Background: To compare selected outcomes (30-day reoperation and total length of hospital stay) following emergency appendectomy between populations from New York State and England.

Methods: This retrospective cohort study used demographic and in-hospital outcome data from Hospital Episode Statistics (HES) and the New York Statewide Planning and Research Cooperative System (SPARCS) administrative databases for all patients aged 18+ years undergoing appendectomy between April 2009 and March 2014. Univariate and adjusted multivariable logistic regression were used to test significant factors.

New genetic signatures associated with cancer cachexia as defined by low skeletal muscle index and weight loss.

Background: Cachexia affects the majority with advanced cancer. Based on current demographic and clinical factors, it is not possible to predict who will develop cachexia or not. Such variation may, in part, be due to genotype.

A Comparison of Mortality Following Emergency Laparotomy Between Populations From New York State and England.

Objective: The aim of this study was to compare mortality following emergency laparotomy between populations from New York State and England.

Summary Of Background Data: Mortality following emergency surgery is a key quality improvement metric in both the United States and UK. Comparison of the all-cause 30-day mortality following emergency laparotomy between populations from New York State and England might identify factors that could improve care.

Absence of correlation between serum CRP levels and mitochondrial D-loop DNA mutations in gastro-oesophageal adenocarcinoma.

Introduction: Both inflammation and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutation are thought to play a role in the many human cancers. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between inflammation and accumulation of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations in the D-loop region in carcinogenesis of gastro-oesophageal adenocarcinomas.

Materials And Methods: Blood samples of 20 patients with gastro-oesophageal adenocarcinoma were taken for measurement of serum C-reactive protein (CRP) concentration.

Pre-operative serum albumin and neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio are associated with prolonged hospital stay following colorectal cancer surgery.

Aims: Colorectal cancer is the third most common cancer in European populations. It has been shown previously that neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), pre-operative albumin, and haemoglobin are useful prognostic indicators. The aim of this study was to assess how these factors influence the length of postoperative stay (LOS) following colorectal cancer surgery.

P-selectin genotype is associated with the development of cancer cachexia.

The variable predisposition to cachexia may, in part, be due to the interaction of host genotype. We analyzed 129 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 80 genes for association with cachexia based on degree of weight loss (>5, >10, >15%) as well as weight loss in the presence of systemic inflammation (C-reactive protein, > 10 mg/l). 775 cancer patients were studied with a validation association study performed on an independently recruited cohort (n = 101) of cancer patients.

Identification of possible genetic polymorphisms involved in cancer cachexia: a systematic review.

Cancer cachexia is a polygenic and complex syndrome. Genetic variations in regulation of the inflammatory response, muscle and fat metabolic pathways, and pathways in appetite regulation are likely to contribute to the susceptibility or resistance to developing cancer cachexia. A systematic search of Medline and EmBase databases, covering 1986-2008 was performed for potential candidate genes/genetic polymorphisms relating to cancer cachexia.

Cancer cachexia: a systematic literature review of items and domains associated with involuntary weight loss in cancer.

Background: The concept of cancer-related anorexia/cachexia is evolving as its mechanisms are better understood. To support consensus processes towards an updated definition and classification system, we systematically reviewed the literature for items and domains associated with involuntary weight loss in cancer.

Methods: Two search strings (cachexia, cancer) explored five databases from 1976 to 2007.

Endoscopic mucosal resection of colorectal polyps in typical UK hospitals.

Aim: To evaluate the outcomes of endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) for colorectal polyps, with particular regard to procedural complications and recurrence rate, in typical United Kingdom (UK) hospitals that perform an average of about 25 colonic EMRs per year.

Methods: A total of 239 colorectal polyps (≥ 10 mm) resected from 199 patients referred to Rochdale Infirmary, Salford Royal Hospital and Royal Oldham Hospital for EMR between January 2003 and January 2009 were studied.

Results: The mean size of polyps resected was 19.

Cytokine gene polymorphisms and susceptibility to cachexia.

Purpose Of Review: Cachexia is a progressive deterioration of body habitus associated with chronic diseases. The finding that only a proportion of patients with chronic disease develop cachexia has prompted studies looking for genetic polymorphisms that may underlie differential susceptibility. The aim of this review is to explore how inflammation and gene polymorphisms influence susceptibility to cachexia.

Sarcopenia in an overweight or obese patient is an adverse prognostic factor in pancreatic cancer.

Purpose: The average weight-losing pancreatic cancer patient undergoing palliative therapy is frequently overweight rather than underweight, and this can confound conventional measures used for risk stratification. The aim of this study was to evaluate if weight and body composition, specifically sarcopenia, assessed from diagnostic computed tomography (CT) scans, is of prognostic value in patients with pancreatic cancer. The nature and extent of tissue loss over subsequent months was also evaluated.

Cancer cachexia is associated with the IL10 -1082 gene promoter polymorphism in patients with gastroesophageal malignancy.

Background: The genetic predisposition of the host to local or systemic inflammation may contribute to the effect of cancer cachexia.

Objective: We investigated the relation between cytokine polymorphisms (IL1B -511, IL6 -174, IL10 -1082, TNFA -308, and LTA +252) and markers of nutritional status among patients with gastroesophageal cancer to determine whether any such association was reflected by cytokine concentrations in the tumor or plasma compartments.

Design: Patients (n = 203) with a diagnosis of gastroesophageal cancer underwent nutritional assessment (body mass index, anthropometric measures, dysphagia scoring, and estimation of dietary intake).

Frequency of the mitochondrial DNA 4977bp deletion in oesophageal mucosa during the progression of Barrett's oesophagus.

Purpose: The mechanisms of the progression of Barrett's oesophagus (BO) to oesophageal adenocarcinoma (OA) are poorly understood. The frequency of the 4977bp deletion in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) was investigated in specimens ranging from normal oesophageal tissue to OA in order to investigate whether this deletion represents a useful biomarker of disease progression.

Methods: The presence of the 4977bp deletion was screened by PCR amplification from 70 specimens in total.

A review of mesothelioma information on the World Wide Web.

Introduction: The Internet is a widely used information resource for patients with mesothelioma. The goal of this study is to assess the content and quality of mesothelioma information presented on the internet using Google as a search engine, as well as to test the hypothesis that more popular sites (i.e.

Cachexia: prevalence and impact in medicine.

Purpose Of Review: Cachexia is a progressive deterioration of body habitus associated with certain chronic diseases (e.g., cancer, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, chronic heart failure, and chronic kidney disease).