The Histone Deacetylases Hst1 and Rpd3 Integrate De Novo NAD Metabolism with Phosphate Sensing in .

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) is a critical cofactor essential for various cellular processes. Abnormalities in NAD metabolism have also been associated with a number of metabolic disorders. The regulation and interconnection of NAD metabolic pathways are not yet completely understood.

The histone deacetylases Rpd3 and Hst1 antagonistically regulate de novo NAD metabolism in the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

NAD is a cellular redox cofactor involved in many essential processes. The regulation of NAD metabolism and the signaling networks reciprocally interacting with NAD-producing metabolic pathways are not yet fully understood. The NAD-dependent histone deacetylase (HDAC) Hst1 has been shown to inhibit de novo NAD synthesis by repressing biosynthesis of nicotinic acid (BNA) gene expression.

NAD Metabolism, Metabolic Stress, and Infection.

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) is an essential metabolite with wide-ranging and significant roles in the cell. Defects in NAD metabolism have been associated with many human disorders; it is therefore an emerging therapeutic target. Moreover, NAD metabolism is perturbed during colonization by a variety of pathogens, either due to the molecular mechanisms employed by these infectious agents or by the host immune response they trigger.

N-terminal protein acetylation by NatB modulates the levels of Nmnats, the NAD biosynthetic enzymes in .

NAD is an essential metabolite participating in cellular biochemical processes and signaling. The regulation and interconnection among multiple NAD biosynthesis pathways are incompletely understood. Yeast () cells lacking the N-terminal (Nt) protein acetyltransferase complex NatB exhibit an approximate 50% reduction in NAD levels and aberrant metabolism of NAD precursors, changes that are associated with a decrease in nicotinamide mononucleotide adenylyltransferase (Nmnat) protein levels.

The copper-sensing transcription factor Mac1, the histone deacetylase Hst1, and nicotinic acid regulate NAD biosynthesis in budding yeast.

NADH (NAD) is an essential metabolite involved in various cellular biochemical processes. The regulation of NAD metabolism is incompletely understood. Here, using budding yeast (), we established an NAD intermediate-specific genetic system to identify factors that regulate the branch of NAD biosynthesis.

Directional selection reduces developmental canalization against genetic and environmental perturbations in Drosophila wings.

Natural selection may enhance or weaken the robustness of phenotypes against genetic or environmental perturbations. However, important aspects of the relationship between adaptive evolution and canalization remain unclear. Recent work showed that the evolution of larger wing size in a high altitude natural population of Drosophila melanogaster was accompanied by decanalized wing development--specifically a loss of robustness to genetic perturbation.

Integrating biological vasculature into a multi-organ-chip microsystem.

A chip-based system mimicking the transport function of the human cardiovascular system has been established at minute but standardized microsystem scale. A peristaltic on-chip micropump generates pulsatile shear stress in a widely adjustable physiological range within a microchannel circuit entirely covered on all fluid contact surfaces with human dermal microvascular endothelial cells. This microvascular transport system can be reproducibly established within four days, independently of the individual endothelial cell donor background.