Disparities in heart failure deaths among people with diabetes in the United States: 1999-2020.

Aims: Heart failure is a leading cause of mortality in the United States, with significant disparities in its burden, particularly among underserved populations. A similar pattern exists for diabetes, but less is known about the mortality impact of these two comorbid conditions. This study aims to examine the risk of death from heart failure among people with diabetes, focusing on socio-demographic disparities.

Disparities in Lung Cancer Death Among People with Chronic Lower Respiratory Diseases in the United States.

Purpose: Patients with chronic lower respiratory diseases (CLRD) are at a higher risk of lung cancer. Less is known regarding how the risk of CLRD-associated lung cancer death might have changed on a national scale over the past 20 years across demographic and regional groups.

Methods: We calculated age-adjusted mortality rates (AAMR) for lung cancer death among people with CLRD using 1999-2020 data from the CDC WONDER multiple cause of death database.

Disparities in Heart Failure Deaths among Patients with Cirrhosis.

Heart failure deaths have increased in recent years in the United States and are projected to continue to increase in the future. Rates of liver disease and cirrhosis have similarly increased in the United States. Patients with cirrhosis are at an elevated risk of heart failure with a worsened prognosis.

National trends in pneumonia-related mortality in the United States, 1999-2019.

Introduction: Pneumonia is one of the most common causes of hospital admissions in the United States and remains a major cause of death. However, less is known regarding the mortality burden from pneumonia in the United States and how this burden has changed over time.

Methods: Death rates from causes related to pneumonia were determined using the CDC Wide-ranging Online Data for Epidemiologic Research (WONDER) data from 1999-2019.

The Use of Clot Strength as a Predictor of Thrombosis in Peripheral Artery Disease.

Background: Graft/stent thrombosis is the leading cause of amputation in patients over 60, and while dual antiplatelet therapy is the standard of care, there is a significant variability in platelet response and limited guidance on measuring effectiveness. Thromboelastography with platelet mapping (TEG-PM) can objectively detail an individual's coagulation profile, namely the strength of the clot and its response to antiplatelet medication. Although TEG-PM has been used for predicting postoperative bleeding and assessing platelet dysfunction in traumatic brain injury, its application in thrombosis diseases such as peripheral artery disease remains unexplored.

Disparities in the risk of heart disease death among people with chronic lower respiratory disease.

Background: Heart disease remains the leading cause of death in the United States, while chronic lower respiratory diseases (CLRD) are the sixth leading cause of death. Patients with CLRD have been shown to have an elevated risk of heart disease death. However, less is known regarding how this risk varies across demographic groups.

The Impact of Sex on Antiplatelet and Anticoagulant Thromboprophylaxis in Patients With Peripheral Artery Disease Post-revascularization.

Objective: The aim of this prospective study was to (1) objectively quantify the impact of sex on platelet function in patients with peripheral artery disease (PAD) taking antiplatelet and anticoagulant medications and (2) to develop and test a personalized, iterative algorithm that personalizes thromboprophylaxis that incorporates platelet function testing.

Background: Women with PAD have worse outcomes as compared with their male counterparts despite having lower risk factors. This health disparity may be mitigated by personalizing thromboprophylaxis regimens.

A comprehensive analysis of leadership attributes, discrepancies, and implications for gender equity in vascular surgery.

Objective: Well-developed leadership skills have been associated with a better understanding of health care context, increased team performance, and improved patient outcomes. Surgeons, in particular, stand to benefit from leadership development. Although studies have focused on investigating knowledge gaps and needs of surgeons in leadership roles, there is a noticeable gap in the literature concerning leadership in vascular surgery.

Life and Disability Insurance for People with or at Risk of HIV: Aligning Policy with Evidence.

Antiretroviral medications have substantially improved life expectancy for people with HIV. These medications are also highly effective in preventing HIV acquisition in people who do not have HIV, a strategy known as HIV preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP). Despite these advances, some life and disability insurers continue to deny or limit coverage for people with HIV, and some have even refused to cover people who are using PrEP to protect themselves.

Racial/Ethnic Differences in Food Allergy.

Immunoglobulin E-mediated food allergy is an increasingly prevalent public health concern globally. In North America, particularly in the United States, racial and ethnic differences in food allergy prevalence and rates of sensitization have become apparent. Black and Hispanic children in the United States have been estimated to have the highest rates of food allergy.