Assessment of hepatocellular carcinoma using apparent diffusion coefficient and diffusion kurtosis indices: preliminary experience in fresh liver explants.

Objectives: The objective was to perform ex vivo evaluation of non-Gaussian diffusion kurtosis imaging (DKI) for assessment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), including presence of treatment-related necrosis, using fresh liver explants.

Methods: Twelve liver explants underwent 1.5-T magnetic resonance imaging using a DKI sequence with maximal b-value of 2000 s/mm(2).

Magnetization transfer contrast-prepared MR imaging of the liver: inability to distinguish healthy from cirrhotic liver.

Purpose: To evaluate the ability of magnetization transfer (MT) contrast-prepared magnetic resonance (MR) imaging to help distinguish healthy from cirrhotic liver by using a spectrum of MT pulse frequency offsets.

Materials And Methods: This HIPAA-compliant prospective study was approved by the institutional review board. Written informed consent was obtained from all subjects.

T1 hyperintensity of bladder urine at prostate MRI: frequency and comparison with urinalysis findings.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to assess the possible clinical significance of bladder urine T1 hyperintensity based upon comparison with urinalysis findings, using a cohort of patients who underwent prostate MRI and urinalysis at a similar point in time during preoperative work-up.

Methods: We identified 56 patients who underwent prostatectomy at our institution who obtained prostate MRI and urinalysis within 1 day of each other preoperatively. A control group of 160 consecutive adult men who underwent pelvic MRI during the same time period for other indications was also identified.

Diffusion-weighted imaging of the abdomen at 3.0 Tesla: image quality and apparent diffusion coefficient reproducibility compared with 1.5 Tesla.

Purpose: To compare single-shot echo-planar imaging (SS EPI) diffusion-weighted MRI (DWI) of abdominal organs between 1.5 Tesla (T) and 3.0T in healthy volunteers in terms of image quality, apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values, and ADC reproducibility.

Prostate cancer: comparison of tumor visibility on trace diffusion-weighted images and the apparent diffusion coefficient map.

Objective: The purpose of our study was to compare the visibility of prostate cancer on trace diffusion-weighted (DW) images and the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) map.

Materials And Methods: In this retrospective study, 45 patients with prostate cancer underwent preoperative MRI, including DW imaging (DWI) (b values 0, 500, and 1,000 s/mm(2)). A single observer reviewed the images in conjunction with tumor maps constructed from prostatectomy.

MRI features of renal oncocytoma and chromophobe renal cell carcinoma.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to retrospectively describe the MRI features of the pathologically related entities renal oncocytoma and chromophobe renal cell carcinoma (RCC).

Materials And Methods: Twenty-eight cases of histologically proven renal oncocytoma and 15 of chromophobe RCC evaluated with preoperative MRI from January 2003 through June 2009 at our institution were independently reviewed for an array of MRI features by two radiologists blinded to the final histopathologic diagnosis. These features were tabulated and compared between chromophobe RCC and renal oncocytoma by use of the Mann-Whitney test and binary logistic regression.

Utility of the apparent diffusion coefficient for distinguishing clear cell renal cell carcinoma of low and high nuclear grade.

Objective: The purpose of our study was to assess the utility of the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) in distinguishing low-grade and high-grade clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC).

Materials And Methods: The cases of 57 patients with pathologically proven ccRCC who underwent preoperative MRI, including diffusion-weighted imaging, were retrospectively assessed. ADC values were obtained from ADC maps calculated using b-value combinations of 0 and 400 s/mm² and of 0 and 800 s/mm² (hereafter referred to as ADC-400 and ADC-800).