An integrated photonic engine for programmable atomic control.

Solutions for scalable, high-performance optical control are important for the development of scaled atom-based quantum technologies. Modulation of many individual optical beams is central to applying arbitrary gate and control sequences on arrays of atoms or atom-like systems. At telecom wavelengths, miniaturization of optical components via photonic integration has pushed the scale and performance of classical and quantum optics far beyond the limitations of bulk devices.

The Role of Transoral Robotic Palatine and Lingual Tonsillectomy in the Diagnosis of Carcinoma of Unknown Primary in the Head and Neck Region.

Background: The use of transoral robotic surgery (TORS) lingual tonsillectomy in the diagnostic algorithm for head and neck carcinoma of unknown primary (CUP) has gained recent popularity. The primary aim of our study was to determine the identification rate of primary tumors in our cohort undergoing lingual ± palatine tonsillectomy for the workup of head and neck CUP.

Methods: This was a retrospective study of all patients undergoing diagnostic TORS for head and neck CUP over an eight-year period, across four centers in two countries.

Early return to work is possible after transoral robotic surgery (TORS) in carefully selected patients with oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma.

Introduction: The aims of this study were to investigate the rate and time to return to work (RTW) after transoral robotic surgery (TORS) for oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) and to explore the impact of disease or work-related factors leading to variations in RTW outcomes.

Methods: Cross-sectional survey of disease, socioeconomic, work-related and health-related quality of life (HR-QOL). Qualitative analysis of responses for facilitators and barriers to RTW.

Optimising Patient Outcomes in Tongue Cancer: A Multidisciplinary Approach.

A multidisciplinary approach to the management of tongue cancer is vital for achieving optimal patient outcomes. Nursing and allied health professionals play essential roles within the team. We developed symposia comprising a series of online lectures offering a detailed perspective on the role each discipline and consumer perspective has in the management of patients with tongue cancer.

Risk of malignancy in incidental oropharyngeal lesions exhibiting fluorodeoxyglucose uptake which proceed to tissue biopsy.

Background: Utilization of positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) with fluorodeoxyglucose is increasing in use for a variety of indications, including surveillance of cancer patients. There is a paucity of evidence pertaining to the significance of incidental PET-avid oropharyngeal lesions. This study aims to examine the clinical and radiological features of these incidental oropharyngeal lesions in patients undergoing PET for indications other than head and neck cancer.

Staged neck dissection prior to transoral robotic surgery for oropharyngeal cancer: does it reduce post-operative complication rates? A multi-centre study of 104 patients.

Purpose: Transoral robotic surgery (TORS) has become increasingly recognised as a safe and effective treatment for early oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma, often performed in conjunction with neck dissection (ND) and vessel ligation. It has been proposed that performing the neck dissection in a staged fashion prior to TORS results in low rates of transoral haemorrhage and pharyngocutaneous fistula, and may aid in TORS patient selection by eliminating patients who would require multi-modality treatment based on nodal pathology. This study aims to assess the effect of staged neck dissection with TORS in mitigating pharyngocutaneous fistulae and post-operative haemorrhage as well as the impact of staged ND on TORS patient selection.

Transoral approach to accessory parotid tumours: case series and literature review.

Accessory parotid tumours are rare, accounting for less than 10% of parotid neoplasms. Although similar tumours affect both the accessory parotid and parotid, accessory parotid tumours are associated with higher rates of malignancy. Surgery is first line management.

The negative predictive value of FDG PET/CT staging in early oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma and implications to transoral robotic surgery patient selection.

Objectives: Our objective was to determine the negative predictive value (NPV) of preoperative FDG PET/CTfor detecting locoregional nodal disease. The aim was to help inform the decision-making process when identifying patients with early-stage OPSCC that would be suitable for transoral robotic surgery (TORS) as a single-modality treatment.

Materials And Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted of adults with primary stage cT1-2 OPSCC with up to one metastatic neck lymph node (cN0-1) planned for TORS.

Comparison of Alfaxalone-Midazolam, Tiletamine-Zolazepam, and KetamineAcepromazine Anesthesia during Plethysmography in Cynomolgus Macaques () and Rhesus Macaques ().

Plethysmography is used in nonhuman primates (NHPs) to measure minute volume before aerosol exposure to an agent to calculate total time necessary in the exposure chamber. The consistency of respiratory parameters during the entire exposure time is paramount to ensuring dosing accuracy. Our study sought to validate an alfaxalone-midazolam (AM) anesthetic combination for use in aerosol studies.

Cutting Edge: SARS-CoV-2 Infection Induces Robust Germinal Center Activity in the Human Tonsil.

Understanding the generation of immunity to SARS-CoV-2 in lymphoid tissues draining the site of infection has implications for immunity to SARS-CoV-2. We performed tonsil biopsies under local anesthesia in 19 subjects who had recovered from SARS-CoV-2 infection 24-225 d previously. The biopsies yielded >3 million cells for flow cytometric analysis in 17 subjects.

The effects of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) diversion on post-operative CSF leak following extended endoscopic anterior skull base surgery.

There is a paucity of high quality evidence regarding the routine placement of lumbar drain (LD) in reducing post-operative (op) cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak after extended endoscopic trans-sphenoidal resection of anterior skull base lesions. In this study, we sought to compare the incidence of post-op CSF leak between patients with upfront LD insertion and those without it. This was a prospective randomized controlled trial conducted over a period of 5 years with patients undergoing extended endoscopic trans-sphenoidal surgery randomly assigned to either LD insertion at the time of surgery, or no LD placement.

Surgical outcomes and longitudinal quality of life after endoscopic endonasal surgery for anterior skull base meningioma.

Objective: The objective of this study was to establish the effect of endoscopic endonasal surgery on longitudinal quality of life (QOL) in patients with anterior skull base meningioma.

Methods: A prospectively collected cohort of consecutively operated anterior skull base meningiomas was analyzed. All cases were performed using the endoscopic endonasal approach (EEA).

Mid-Tibiofibular Amputation as a Method of Terminal Blood Collection in .

The African clawed frog, , is a widely used model for biomedical research. could be more useful as a model with a better method for collection and analysis of its blood and serum. However, blood collection in can be challenging due to their small size, lack of peripheral vascular access, and species-specific hematology variables.

Salvage transoral robotic surgery in early-stage oropharyngeal recurrence.

Objectives: Limited data are currently available regarding outcomes following transoral robotic surgery (TORS) in the salvage setting. This study aims to investigate the functional and oncological outcomes following TORS in salvage oropharyngeal tumors.

Study Design: All patients undergoing salvage TORS for a residual, recurrent, or new primary oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma within a previously radiated field between March 2014 and October 2018 were included.

Pregnancy outcomes among women with type 1 diabetes mellitus using continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion versus multiple daily injections: A retrospective cohort study.

Background: Insulin delivery options for pregnant women with type 1 diabetes mellitus are either continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion or multiple daily injections. The aim of this paper is to compare pregnancy outcomes in women with type 1 diabetes mellitus using continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion or multiple daily injections in pregnancy.

Methods: Retrospective single-centre cohort study of 298 pregnancies booked between 2006 and 2016.

Management of Parotid Metastatic Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Regional Recurrence Rates and Survival.

Objectives Extent of parotidectomy and neck dissection for metastatic cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) to the parotid is debated. We describe our experience, analyzing outcomes (overall survival and regional recurrence) associated with surgical extent and adjuvant treatment. Study Design A retrospective cohort study of parotidectomy with or without neck dissection for metastatic cSCC.

Unilateral radiotherapy treatment for p16/human papillomavirus-positive squamous cell carcinoma of unknown primary in the head and neck.

Objectives/hypothesis: The outcomes of unilateral radiotherapy treatment for patients with p16/HPV-positive squamous cell carcinomas of unknown primary (SCCUP) affecting cervical lymph nodes are under-reported. Compared to radiating large volumes of the pharyngeal axis (the more common approach), this is potentially a much less toxic treatment for a good prognosis group.

Study Design: Retrospective cohort study.

Prognostic markers in metastatic cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck.

Background: The minority of head and neck cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas (SCC) metastasize to regional lymph nodes. The purpose of this study was to describe the clinical outcomes and prognostic factors for patients with node-positive head and neck cutaneous SCC who underwent lymphadenectomy.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective single center study using the Kaplan-Meier method for the investigation of the overall survival (OS) and locoregional control rates.

Transoral robotic surgery: implementation as a tool in head and neck surgery - a single-centre Australian experience.

Background: Transoral robotic surgery (TORS) is now a well-validated technique for resection of head and neck cancers. Benefits include reduced patient morbidity, swallowing preservation and rationalization of adjuvant therapies.

Methods: This was a single-centre, retrospective review of 35 patients who underwent TORS of oro-, retro- and parapharyngeal tumours between March 2014 and August 2015.

Three-dimensional virtual navigation versus conventional image guidance: A randomized controlled trial.

Objectives/hypothesis: Providing image guidance in a 3-dimensional (3D) format, visually more in keeping with the operative field, could potentially reduce workload and lead to faster and more accurate navigation. We wished to assess a 3D virtual-view surgical navigation prototype in comparison to a traditional 2D system.

Methods: Thirty-seven otolaryngology surgeons and trainees completed a randomized crossover navigation exercise on a cadaver model.

Salvage surgery for locally recurrent oropharyngeal cancer.

Background: There are limited data on whether recurrent human papillomavirus (HPV)-associated oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is associated with higher surgical salvage rates. The purpose of this study was to determine the success rate of salvage surgery for locally recurrent oropharyngeal cancer and factors influencing the outcome, including p16 status.

Methods: All patients who underwent salvage surgery for locally recurrent or persistent oropharyngeal cancer after (chemo)radiotherapy between 2000 and 2012 were included.

Inattentional blindness increased with augmented reality surgical navigation.

Background: Augmented reality (AR) surgical navigation systems, designed to increase accuracy and efficiency, have been shown to negatively impact on attention. We wished to assess the effect "head-up" AR displays have on attention, efficiency, and accuracy, while performing a surgical task, compared with the same information being presented on a submonitor (SM).

Methods: Fifty experienced otolaryngology surgeons (n = 42) and senior otolaryngology trainees (n = 8) performed an endoscopic surgical navigation exercise on a predissected cadaveric model.