Optimization of cerebral oxygenation based on regional cerebral oxygen saturation monitoring during carotid endarterectomy: a Phase III multicenter, double-blind randomized controlled trial.

Background: Whether the optimization of cerebral oxygenation based on regional cerebral oxygen saturation (rSO) monitoring reduces the occurrence of cerebral ischemic lesions is unknown.

Methods: This multicenter, randomized, controlled trial recruited adults admitted for scheduled carotid endarterectomy. Patients were randomized between the standard of care or optimization of cerebral oxygenation based on rSO monitoring using near-infrared spectroscopy.

Longitudinal radiological follow-up of individual level non-ischemic cerebral enhancing lesions following endovascular aneurysm treatment.

Background: Non-ischemic cerebral enhancing (NICE) lesions following aneurysm endovascular therapy are exceptionally rare, with unknown longitudinal evolution.

Objective: To evaluate the radiological behavior of individual NICE lesions over time.

Methods: Patients included in a retrospective national multicentric inception cohort were analyzed.

RFC1 nonsense and frameshift variants cause CANVAS: clues for an unsolved pathophysiology.

Cerebellar ataxia, neuropathy and vestibular areflexia syndrome (CANVAS) is an inherited late-onset neurological disease caused by bi-allelic AAGGG pentanucleotide expansions within intron 2 of RFC1. Despite extensive studies, the pathophysiological mechanism of these intronic expansions remains elusive. We screened by clinical exome sequencing two unrelated patients presenting with late-onset ataxia.

Predictors of Unexplained Early Neurological Deterioration After Endovascular Treatment for Acute Ischemic Stroke.

Background And Purpose: Although the efficacy of endovascular treatment (EVT) in patients with anterior circulation ischemic stroke (AIS) is well documented, early neurological deterioration after EVT remains a serious issue associated with poor outcome. Besides obvious causes, such as lack of reperfusion, procedural complications, or parenchymal hemorrhage, early neurological deterioration may remain unexplained (UnEND). Our aim was to investigate predictors of UnEND after EVT in patients with AIS.

Accelerated MR Evaluation of Patients with Suspected Large Arterial Vessel Occlusion: Diagnostic Performances of the FLAIR Vessel Hyperintensities.

Background: Fluid attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) vascular hyperintensity (FVH) document slowed vascular flow at the level and after the occlusion site patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS). We aimed to assess the accuracy of FVH for the confirmation and location of a large vessel occlusion (LVO).

Methods: Three radiologists reviewed the FLAIR sequence of the admission MRI exam of patients with suspected AIS at a single academic center.

Understanding the Pathophysiology of Intracranial Aneurysm: The ICAN Project.

Background: Understanding the pathophysiologic mechanism of intracranial aneurysm (IA) formation is a prerequisite to assess the potential risk of rupture. Nowadays, there are neither reliable biomarkers nor diagnostic tools to predict the formation or the evolution of IA. Increasing evidence suggests a genetic component of IA but genetics studies have failed to identify genetic variation causally related to IA.

Is there an inherited anatomical conformation favoring aneurysmal formation of the anterior communicating artery?

OBJECTIVE The pathophysiological mechanisms responsible for the formation of intracranial aneurysms (IAs) remain only partially elucidated. However, current evidence suggests a genetic component. The purpose of this study was to investigate the specific anatomical variations in the arterial complex that are associated with the presence of anterior communicating artery (ACoA) aneurysms in the familial forms of IAs.

Mechanical thrombectomy with the ERIC retrieval device: initial experience.

Objective: To report our experience with the Embolus Retriever with Interlinked Cage (ERIC) stentriever for use in mechanical endovascular thrombectomy (MET).

Methods: Thirty-four consecutive patients with acute stroke (21 men and 13 women; median age 66 years) determined appropriate for MET were treated with ERIC and prospectively included over a 6-month period at three different centers. The ERIC device differs from typical stentrievers in that it is designed with a series of interlinked adjustable nitinol cages that allow for fast thrombus capture, integration, and withdrawal.

Cytomegalovirus encephalitis: Undescribed diffusion-weighted imaging characteristics. Original aspects of cases extracted from a retrospective study, and from literature review.

Introduction: There is paucity of studies analyzing DWI in MRI sequences when imaging cytomegalovirus (CMV) meningoencephalitis. The main objective of this study is to demonstrate that DWI sequence is mandatory when imaging immunocompromised patients presenting with encephalitic symptoms, as this sequence can reveal very peculiar lesions in the setting of CMV encephalitis.

Patients And Method: Three CSF PCR CMV positive cases were identified in a 13-year retrospective study with MRI scans including T1, FLAIR, DWI with automated ADC calculation, and T1 with contrast injection, and were reviewed by a senior neuroradiologist.

A new endovascular technique for small anterior choroidal artery aneurysms. A consecutive series using the 3-catheter-protective technique.

Introduction: Endovascular treatment of small anterior choroidal artery (AChA) aneurysms can be challenging, especially if the AChA arises from the sac. Preserving its patency during embolization is as important as obliterating the aneurysm. We describe a variant of the "protective microcatheter technique" (PMT) in a series of six patients with AChA aneurysms where the AChA emerged from the sac.

In vivo evaluation of a new magnetic resonance imaging contrast agent (P947) to target matrix metalloproteinases in expanding experimental abdominal aortic aneurysms.

Objective: Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) rupture is a devastating event, and development of noninvasive methods to detect AAA at risk is needed. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) play a major role in AAA growth and their subsequent rupture. This study was aimed to evaluate the ability of P947, a recently developed magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agent, to target MMPs in vivo in expanding experimental AAAs.

Ischemia-modified albumin and heart fatty acid-binding protein: could early ischemic cardiac biomarkers be used in acute stroke management?

Background: The detection of biomarkers such as ischemia-modified albumin (IMA) and heart fatty acid-binding protein (HFABP) is used in the early diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction. As these biomarkers are not organ specific, we tested them in the neurovascular field.

Methods: A total of 41 patients with acute stroke were enrolled (31 ischemic strokes and 10 intracerebral hemorrhages).