Beamforming with 1 × Conformal Arrays.

The rapid growth of wireless spectrum access through cellular and IoT devices, for example, requires antennas with more capabilities such as being conformal and self-adapting beamforming. In this paper, the adaptive beamforming patterns of microstrip patch antenna arrays on changing flexible (or conformal) curved surfaces are developed by deriving array coefficients based on the projection method that includes the mutual coupling between elements. A linear four-element microstrip patch antenna array is then embedded on two deformed conformal surfaces to investigate the projection method for desired beamforming patterns.

A Systematic Review of In Vitro and In Vivo Radio Frequency Exposure Methods.

Recently, interest in the effects of radio frequency (RF) on biological systems has increased and is partially due to the advancements and increased implementations of RF into technology. As research in this area has progressed, the reliability and reproducibility of the experiments has not crossed multidisciplinary boundaries. Therefore, as researchers, it is imperative to understand the various exposure systems available as well as the aspects, both electromagnetic and biological, needed to produce a sound exposure experiment.

A far-field radio-frequency experimental exposure system with unrestrained mice.

Many studies have been performed on exploring the effects of radio-frequency (RF) energy on biological function in vivo. In particular, gene expression results have been inconclusive due, in part, to a lack of a standardized experimental procedure. This research describes a new far field RF exposure system for unrestrained murine models that reduces experimental error.

Design and In Vivo Test of a Batteryless and Fully Wireless Implantable Asynchronous Pacing System.

Unlabelled: Goal: The aim of this study is to develop a novel fully wireless and batteryless technology for cardiac pacing.

Methods: This technology uses radio frequency (RF) energy to power the implanted electrode in the heart. An implantable electrode antenna was designed for 1.