Eagle Syndrome: A Rare Case of Atraumatic, Painful Cervical Neck Swelling.

Introduction: Painful neck swelling is a common emergency complaint but can present diagnostic challenges. Eagle syndrome is a rare clinical entity in which a pathologically elongated styloid process or ossified stylohyoid ligament produces a constellation of symptoms in the head and neck region.

Case Report: We present the case of a 50-year-old male with a spontaneous, atraumatic fracture of an elongated styloid process associated with hematoma formation and radiological findings of airway impingement.

Supraglottoplasty surgery types 1-3: A practical classification system for laryngomalacia surgery.

Objective: The objective of this study is to review the published literature on supraglottoplasty techniques for correcting laryngomalacia, and to subsequently provide a standardized classification system.

Methods: Three authors independently and systematically searched Pubmed/MEDLINE and six additional databases for all studies that included descriptions of supraglottoplasty techniques for correcting laryngomalacia. Sub-sites operated on and specific technique descriptions were reviewed, cataloged and subsequently categorized.

Predictors of Nasal Obstruction: Quantification and Assessment Using Multiple Grading Scales.

Unlabelled: Objective. To evaluate the association between nasal obstruction and (1) demographic factors, (2) medical history, (3) physical tests, and (4) nasal exam findings. Study Design.

Neurocognitive outcomes after pediatric adenotonsillectomy for obstructive sleep apnea: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objective: To provide an up-to-date systematic review and critical appraisal of prospectively performed studies evaluating neurocognitive function in children treated with adenotonsillectomy.

Data Sources: PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library.

Review Methods: Searches were performed from inception through September 2, 2015.

Supraglottoplasty for laryngomalacia with obstructive sleep apnea: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objectives/hypothesis: To determine if apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) and lowest oxygen saturation (LSAT) improve following isolated supraglottoplasty for laryngomalacia with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in children.

Study Design: Systematic review and meta-analysis.

Methods: Nine databases, including PubMed/MEDLINE, were searched through September 30, 2015.

Author Self-Citation in the Otolaryngology Literature: A Pilot Study.

Objective: To determine the prevalence of author self-citation in the field of otolaryngology.

Study Design And Setting: A retrospective review of bibliographic references in 5 otolaryngology journals.

Subjects And Methods: Five high-impact otolaryngology journals were reviewed over a 3-month period between January and March 2014 to identify the pattern of author self-citations.

Rhinology and medical malpractice: An update of the medicolegal landscape of the last ten years.

Objectives/hypothesis: Malpractice claims pertaining to rhinological procedures are a potentially important source of information that could be used to minimize the risk of future litigation and improve patient care.

Study Design: A retrospective review of a publicly available database containing jury verdicts and settlements.

Methods: The LexisNexis Jury Verdicts and Settlements database was reviewed for all lawsuits and out-of-court adjudications related to the practice of rhinology.

Medication associated with hearing loss: 25 years of medical malpractice cases in the United States.

Objectives: Many medications have the potential for ototoxicity. To potentiate management of this risk, this study examines malpractice litigation trends of lawsuits involving hearing loss associated with medication use. As experts in hearing loss, it may benefit otolaryngologists to be familiar with this information.

Emergent treatment of button batteries in the esophagus: evolution of management and need for close second-look esophagoscopy.

Objectives: The evolving epidemiology of pediatric button battery ingestion is alarming. Currently, assessment of the degree of damage relies heavily on the initial esophagoscopy in a manner similar to the management of caustic ingestion. We have noted that use of this classic approach may delay the return to normal oral intake.

RNA interference of transforming growth factor-β 2 in human respiratory fibroblasts.

Objective: Transforming growth factor-β2 (TGF-β2) is a principal cytokine of interest in the pathogenesis of scar formation and is a potential target for future molecular-based adjunctive therapies. The authors hypothesize that interfering RNA (RNAi) can be used to modulate TGF-β2 production in cultured human respiratory fibroblasts.

Study Design: Basic science.

Head and neck ultrasound in the pediatric population.

Ultrasound, as a diagnostic modality, has been developing rapidly. High-resolution ultrasound machines have been reduced to the size of a laptop computer. Ultrasound can be adopted by otolaryngologists for use within the clinic and the operating room.

Successful treatment of cutaneous hemangioma of infancy with topical imiquimod 5%: a report of 3 cases.

Hemangioma of infancy is the most common benign tumor of childhood. Most of these tumors spontaneously regress over several years. However, many parents seek treatment for children with cutaneous hemangiomas because of the potential for disfigurement and the attendant psychosocial effects.

Oropharyngeal and laryngeal burn resulting from exposure to endoscope disinfectant: a case report.

Iatrogenic injury from medical disinfectants is an uncommon but potentially devastating complication. We report an unusual, but severe, upper aerodigestive complication from the use of ortho-Phthalaldehyde solution, a commonly used endoscope disinfectant.

Characterization of transforming growth factors beta1 and 2 in ferrets (Mustela putorius furo).

Unwanted scar tissue after surgical procedures remains a central problem in medicine. Nowhere is this problem more evident than within the pediatric airway, where excess scarring, termed subglottic stenosis, can compromise breathing. Recent advances in molecular biology have focused on ways to decrease scar formation through understanding of the wound repair process.

Acute rise in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections in a coastal community.

Objective: Describe the incidence of head and neck community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) infections over a 5-year period at a coastal tertiary medical center.

Study Design: Retrospective chart review.

Subjects And Methods: All patients presenting to the otolaryngology service with cultures taken from head and neck infections between 1999 and 2004 were eligible for inclusion.

Refining indications for the use of mitomycin C using a randomized controlled trial with an animal model.

Objectives: To evaluate the effect of mitomycin on the repair of acquired subglottic stenosis and to define the optimal concentration of mitomycin that would minimize restenosis after repair.

Study Design And Setting: A randomized prospective model was used in which 20 ferrets (Mustela putorius furo) underwent simulated intubation injury that was then treated with CO2 laser lysis.

Results: Comparison of cross-sectional airway areas, after stenosis repair, showed no significant differences between control and mitomycin treatment groups.

Pediatric functional endoscopic sinus surgery: frequently asked questions.

Pediatric endoscopic sinus surgery is a controversial procedure that has evolved considerably over the past 2 decades. We present a current review of the literature regarding the treatment of children with refractory sinusitis with a focus on the use of endoscopic sinus surgery. Preoperative evaluation, surgical technique, postoperative care, and unusual applications are discussed.

Outcomes for children with submucous cleft palate and velopharyngeal insufficiency.

Objective: To review the outcomes of children with submucous cleft palate who also have velopharyngeal insufficiency (VPI).

Methods: A retrospective chart review was carried out at a tertiary care academic centre of all patients who had VPI with a submucous cleft palate. The University of Iowa Cleft Palate registry parameters encompassing nasality (hyper- and hyponasality) were compared pre- and postoperatively.