Craniofacial fibrous dysplasia: Systematic review of facial management.

Craniofacial fibrous dysplasia (CFD) may be associated with major cosmetic or functional consequences. However, management recommendations for CFD are currently unavailable. Therefore, this systematic literature review aimed to review the existing approaches for CFD management and propose a management algorithm.

Radiographic volumetric risk factors for late enophthalmos prediction in orbital blow-out fractures: A retrospective study.

The aim of this study was to assess the correlation between volumetric risk factors, orbital volume (OV), orbital volume ratio (OVR), herniated volume (HV), and the newly described herniated volume ratio (HVR), with the occurrence of late enophthalmos. Patients presenting a unilateral unoperated blow-out fracture were retrospectively included. OV and HV were measured using planimetry on the initial CT scan images.

Overview of tools for the measurement of the orbital volume and their applications to orbital surgery.

There are numerous applications in craniofacial surgery with orbital volume (OV) modification. The careful management of the OV is fundamental to obtain good esthetic and functional results in orbital surgery. With the growth of computer-aided design - computer-aided manufacturing (CAD-CAM) technologies, patient-specific implants and custom-made reconstruction are being used increasingly.

Prediction of Post-Traumatic Enophthalmos Based on Orbital Volume Measurements: A Systematic Review.

Purpose: Enophthalmos greater than 2 mm should be considered clinically relevant and can be responsible for esthetic and functional morbidity. The difficulty has always been the best method to use to accurately determine when the orbital wall displacement will lead to clinically relevant enophthalmos. None of the currently used techniques is able to accurately predict for post-traumatic enophthalmos (PE).