A French Adaptation and Validation of Retirement Semantic Differential (RSD).

Retirement is associated with numerous representations, some of them being negative and the other positive. Yet, these representations affect the health of individuals in their transition to retirement. However, although the socio-political context in France favors the emergence of numerous representations of retired people, to our knowledge there is no scale validated in French that would allow us to evaluate them.

Smaller grey matter volume in the central olfactory system in mild cognitive impairment.

One of the major challenges in the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is to increase the specificity of the early diagnosis. While episodic memory impairment is a sensitive AD marker, other measures are needed to improve diagnostic specificity. A promising biomarker might be a cerebral atrophy of the central olfactory processing areas in the early stages of the disease since an impairment of olfactory identification is present at the clinical stage of AD.

Olfaction and declarative memory in aging: a meta-analysis.

Olfactory and declarative memory performances are associated, as both functions are processed by overlapping medial-temporal and prefrontal structures and decline in older adults. While a decline in olfactory identification may be related to a decline in declarative memory, the relationship between olfactory detection threshold and declarative memory remains unclear. In this meta-analysis, we assessed (i) the relationship between olfactory identification/detection threshold and verbal declarative memory in cognitively normal older adults, and (ii) the effect of age on these relationships.

Diagnostic Sensitivity and Specificity of Cognitive Tests for Mild Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer's Disease in Patients with Down Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Background: Improved health care for people with Down syndrome (DS) has resulted in an increase in their life expectancy therefore increasing comorbidities associated with age-related problems in this population, the most frequent being Alzheimer's disease (AD). To date, several cognitive tests have been developed to evaluate cognitive changes related to the development of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and AD in people with DS.

Objective: Identify and evaluate available cognitive tests for the diagnosis of MCI and AD in people with DS.

Character Strengths and Resilience in Older Adults during the COVID-19 Pandemic.

During the pandemic, older adults were perceived as a vulnerable group without considering their various strengths. This study explored the associations between character strengths and resilience, and verified if some of these could predict resilience during the COVID-19 pandemic. A sample of 92 participants (women = 79.

Chemosensation in anxiety: the trigeminal system matters.

The presence of a perceptual bias due to anxiety is well demonstrated in cognitive and sensory task for the visual and auditory modality. Event-related potentials, by their specific measurement of neural processes, have strongly contributed to this evidence. There is still no consensus as to whether such a bias exists in the chemical senses; chemosensory event-related potentials (CSERPs) are an excellent tool to clarify the heterogeneous results, especially since the Late Positive Component (LPC) may be an indicator of emotional involvement after chemosensory stimulation.

Activation changes induced by cognitive training are consistent with improved cognitive reserve in older adults with subjective cognitive decline.

Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was used to assess the effect of cognitive training on brain activation as a function of the learning phase and level of education. Forty older adults with subjective cognitive decline (SCD) received 6 1-hour memory training sessions with the method of loci. Brain imaging (N = 29) was measured during word list encoding and retrieval before training (PRE), after 3 training sessions (POST3), and after 6 training sessions (POST6).

[The role of social representations on embodied and situated cognitive aging: The example of the transition to retirement].

Aging is a complex process characterized by physical, psychological, and social changes. The interactions between these different aspects are naturally explained by embodied and situated approaches to cognition that offer a global, integrated, and unified understanding of aging. They propose a dynamic cognition emerging from the interaction of sensory-motor perceptions (embodied aspect) and the context of the present situation (situated aspect).

The impact of retirement on executive functions and processing speed: findings from the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging.

We used data from the Comprehensive cohort of the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging to compare the cognitive performance of retirees and workers ( = 1442), 45-85 years of age at baseline. Speed processing and executive functioning were assessed using standardized assessment tools at baseline and at follow-up, measured 3 years later. Retirees and workers were matched for age, sex, and education using the nearest neighbor propensity score method with a caliper of 0.

Olfactory perception in patients with a mild traumatic brain injury: a longitudinal study.

Objective: This longitudinal study aimed to evaluate olfactory perception in patients with first time mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) 2-4 weeks (baseline) and 6 months (follow-up) following their trauma.

Methods: At baseline, we enrolled 107 participants (54 healthy controls; 53 patients with mTBI). Thirty-nine healthy controls and 32 patients with mTBI returned for follow-up.

More flexible brain activation underlies cognitive reserve in older adults.

The goal of this study was to identify the brain mechanisms underlying cognitive reserve using a parametric n-back working memory (WM) task in a sample of healthy older adults. We first identified the WM-related activations associated with years of education and then tested whether these activations mitigated the detrimental impact of age on cognition. Thirty-nine older adults received a magnetic resonance imaging examination while completing an n-back task with different levels of WM load (0-, 1- vs.

Volumetry of Olfactory Structures in Mild Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer's Disease: A Systematic Review and a Meta-Analysis.

Olfactory decline is an early symptom of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and is a predictor of conversion from mild cognitive impairment (MCI) to AD. Olfactory decline could reflect AD-related atrophy of structures related to the sense of smell. The aim of this study was to verify whether the presence of a clinical diagnosis of AD or MCI is associated with a volumetric decrease in the olfactory bulbs (OB) and the primary olfactory cortex (POC).

Using Virtual Reality to Assess and Promote Transfer of Memory Training in Older Adults With Memory Complaints: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

In this proof-of-concept study, we assessed the potential for immersive virtual reality (VR) to measure transfer following strategic memory training, and whether efficacy and transfer are increased when training is complemented by practice in an immersive virtual environment. Forty older adults with subjective memory complaints were trained with the method of loci. They were randomized to either a condition where they practiced the strategy in VR ( = 20) or a control condition where they were familiarized with VR using a non-memory task ( = 20).

Verbal Episodic Memory Alterations and Hippocampal Atrophy in Acute Mild Traumatic Brain Injury.

Episodic memory deficit is a symptom frequently observed after a mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI). However, few studies have investigated the impact of a single and acute mTBI on episodic memory and structural cerebral changes. To do so, we conducted two experiments.

Olfactory Identification in Subjective Cognitive Decline: A Meta-Analysis.

Background: Recently, subjective cognitive decline (SCD) has been considered to be one of the first signs of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Since this potential early marker is sensitive but not specific to AD, combining it with other markers could ensure higher accuracy when predicting which persons with SCD will convert to AD. Since olfactory dysfunction is observable in both AD and mild cognitive impairment (MCI), it is a promising marker that could help improve the early diagnosis of AD.

Use of immersive virtual reality to assess episodic memory: A validation study in older adults.

Virtual reality (VR) allows for the creation of ecological environments that could be used for cognitive assessment and intervention. This study comprises two parts that describe and assess an immersive VR task, the , which can be used to measure episodic memory. Part 1 addresses its applicability in healthy older adults by measuring presence, motivation, and cybersickness symptoms.

The Virtual Shop: A new immersive virtual reality environment and scenario for the assessment of everyday memory.

Background: Assessing and predicting memory performance in everyday life is a common assignment for neuropsychologists. However, most traditional neuropsychological tasks are not conceived to capture everyday memory performance.

New Method: The Virtual Shop is a fully immersive task developed to assess memory in a more ecological way than traditional neuropsychological assessments.

Comprendre le stade compensatoire de la maladie d'Alzheimer et agir pour promouvoir la cognition et la plasticité cérébrale.

Alzheimer's disease begins with a phase of mild cognitive impairment (MCI), characterized by the presence of minor symptoms that have little or no impact on functional independence. The study of patients with MCI has led to spectacular advances in understanding the prodrome of the disease. It has also produced a typical cognitive profile: an impairment of episodic memory, especially delayed recall and associative memory, deficit in executive functions or working memory and certain semantic problems.

Relationships between years of education, regional grey matter volumes, and working memory-related brain activity in healthy older adults.

The aim of this study was to examine the relationships between educational attainment, regional grey matter volume, and functional working memory-related brain activation in older adults. The final sample included 32 healthy older adults with 8 to 22 years of education. Structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was used to measure regional volume and functional MRI was used to measure activation associated with performing an n-back task.

Recollection training and transfer effects in Alzheimer's disease: effectiveness of the repetition-lag procedure.

Objective: This study was designed to extend the use of a memory training technique, known as the repetition-lag procedure, to Alzheimer patients. The specificity of this procedure is to target the process of recollection for improvement.

Method: A group of 12 patients were trained individually for 6h.