Effects of optimism and stage of change on alcohol use and problems among sexual minority men with HIV participating in a brief motivational interviewing intervention.

Introduction: Disseminating effective alcohol interventions for sexual minority men (SMM) with HIV remains a crucial public health endeavor. Motivational interviewing (MI) interventions are an established approach to reducing alcohol use, yet more research is needed to determine predictors of MI treatment outcomes and underlying mechanisms related to sustained behavior change among SMM with HIV. This pre-registered secondary analysis tested whether action-related stage of change mediated effects of a MI intervention on future alcohol use and problems among SMM with HIV, and whether individual differences in trait optimism moderated these associations.

Exploratory analysis of blood alcohol concentration-related technology use and drinking outcomes among young adults.

Background: Mobile health (mHealth) technology use may reduce alcohol use and related negative consequences; however, little is known about its efficacy without prompting from researchers or pay-per-use. This exploratory analysis assessed relationships between mHealth technology use frequency and alcohol-use outcomes.

Methods: Young adults who drink heavily (N = 97, M = 23, 51% male, 64% non-Hispanic White, M = 21) had the option to use three mHealth technologies (breathalyzer device/app, blood alcohol content estimator app, drink counting via text message) while drinking for 2 weeks.

Utility of a brief measure of cannabis demand: Day-level associations with cannabis use.

Background: Cannabis demand (i.e., relative value) is usually assessed as a trait-level risk-factor for cannabis use and consequences.

Impaired Control (Both Attempts to Control Drinking and Failed Control) as Prospective Predictors of Negative Outcomes Among Young Adults Who Drink Heavily.

Objective: Impaired control over alcohol is a hallmark of addiction relevant to young adults, but additional prospective findings are needed, particularly in samples reporting heavy drinking. Further, we lack understanding of how attempts and failed efforts to control drinking relate to each other in predicting outcomes. We hypothesized that attempted and failed control would prospectively predict outcomes, with endorsement of both being especially problematic.

Initial evidence of delay discounting's predictive utility for alcohol self-administration in ecologically valid contexts among young adults who drink heavily.

Background: While delay discounting is robustly associated with alcohol use disorder, whether discounting predicts real-time alcohol use behaviors is unclear. Existing support comes from laboratory studies using intravenous alcohol self-administration methods, thus limiting ecological validity and generalizability. The present study evaluated whether delay discounting predicted real-time alcohol use in naturalistic settings with and without probabilistic negative consequences for consuming larger amounts of alcohol.

A test of competing mediators linking trouble sleeping to cannabis use in adolescents and emerging adults.

This study examined day-level associations between trouble sleeping and three cannabis-use indices (likelihood/quantity of use and impaired control). We evaluated behavioral and cognitive mediators of the association between trouble sleeping and cannabis outcomes. Youth ( = 86, ages 15-24, 48.

Examining the effect of cannabis cues on cannabis demand in sleep, driving, and typical drug-use contexts.

Purpose: Given the expanding legal cannabis market in the U.S., it is vital to understand how context impacts cannabis use.

Does sleep relate to next-day cannabis use during treatment? Findings from an adolescent and young adult motivational enhancement and cognitive behavioral therapy plus topiramate intervention.

Background: Interventions for youth cannabis use have limited efficacy. Sleep is likely to affect treatment response, as sleep difficulties are cross-sectionally associated with use and common during treatment. This analysis examined how sleep duration and subjective trouble sleeping related to next-day cannabis use among youth during cannabis treatment.

"That's Pot Culture Right There": Purchasing Behaviors of People Who Use Cannabis Without a Medical Cannabis Card.

Introduction: The legal landscape surrounding purchasing cannabis without a medical cannabis card (i.e., without MCC) is changing rapidly, affecting consumer access and purchasing behaviors.

Leveraging Ecological Momentary Assessment to Examine Bi-directional Associations Between Sleep Quality, Adolescent/Young Adult Alcohol Craving and Use.

Background: Alcohol use is common among adolescents and young adults (AYA) and linked to poor sleep quality. Poor sleep quality may also increase alcohol use and alcohol craving, yet bi-directional relations between sleep quality and AYA alcohol use are poorly understood.

Purpose: This study examined bi-directional associations between sleep quality, alcohol craving, and alcohol use in AYA using ecological momentary assessment (EMA) and explored if biological sex, age, or race moderated these associations.

Use of the BACtrack Skyn alcohol biosensor: Practical applications for data collection and analysis.

Aims: Alcohol biosensors, including the BACtrack Skyn, provide an objective and passive method of continuously assessing alcohol consumption in the natural environment. Despite the many strengths of the Skyn, six key challenges in the collection and processing of data include (1) identifying consumed alcohol; (2) identifying environmental alcohol; (3) identifying and determining the source of missing or invalid data; (4) achieving high participant adherence; (5) integrating Skyn and self-report data; and (6) implications for statistical inference. In this report we outline these challenges, provide recommendations to address them and identify future needs.

Cannabis Use Disorder: A Behavioral Economic Perspective.

Purpose Of Review: To explore relations between behavioral economic demand for cannabis and cannabis use disorder (CUD). Prior reviews have focused on drug demand in relation to use outcomes more generally. Complementing and enhancing prior work synthesizing research on cannabis demand, the present review endeavors to determine whether specific demand indices derived from the marijuana purchase task are most reliably related to CUD.

Initial development and validation of a brief assessment of marijuana demand among young adult college students.

Hypothetical purchase tasks assess substance demand, but the length of purchase tasks makes repeated assessment of state-dependent changes in demand difficult, often limiting clinical utility. Although brief assessments of alcohol and cigarette demand exist, brief measures of cannabis demand do not. College students ( = 209, = 19.

Prospective associations between sleep disturbances and cannabis use among Veterans: A behavioral economic approach.

Background: Veterans often use cannabis for sleep despite limited evidence of its efficacy. Moreover, how sleep disturbances impact cannabis use longitudinally is unclear. We applied a behavioral economic framework to examine whether sleep disturbances and cannabis demand (i.

Longitudinal associations between impulsivity and alcohol and cannabis use frequency, quantity, and problems among military veterans.

Objective: Impulsivity is an established etiological risk factor for alcohol- and cannabis-related outcomes. However, limited work has focused on longitudinal associations between multiple trait impulsivity facets and indices of alcohol and cannabis use among military veterans-a contextually distinct population that evidence unique impulsive personality traits and substance use patterns.

Method: A structural equation model (SEM) examined longitudinal associations between five UPPS-P impulsivity facets measured at baseline and six indices of alcohol and cannabis use (i.

Differences in cannabis use characteristics, routines, and reasons for use among individuals with and without a medical cannabis card.

As recreational and medical cannabis use increases in the U.S., the proliferation of novel cannabis products is expected to continue.

Associations between alcohol demand and both the experience and subjective evaluation of positive and negative alcohol-related consequences.

Background: Considerable variation exists in the extent to which alcohol-related consequences are evaluated as positive or negative. These evaluations, in turn, predict subsequent drinking behavior. Understanding the etiological pathways to positive and negative alcohol-related consequences is essential to the design of interventions aimed at reducing drinking consequences.

A combined laboratory and field test of a smartphone breath alcohol device and blood alcohol concentration estimator to facilitate moderate drinking among young adults.

Objective: Innovative strategies are needed to reduce young adult drinking. Real-time feedback via mobile health (mHealth) technology (e.g.

Perceived Positive Consequences Are Associated with Unhealthy Alcohol Use Among Persons Living with HIV.

Background: Understanding how perceived positive consequences are associated with drinking may help improve effectiveness of alcohol reduction interventions among people living with HIV (PLWH). We aimed to determine whether perceived positive consequence scores varied by sociodemographic, drinking, mental health or substance use variables.

Methods: Perceived positive consequences of drinking were assessed using the PROMIS: Positive Consequences-Short Form.

An examination of the acquired preparedness model among college student marijuana users.

To examine the Acquired Preparedness Model using a behavioral impulsivity facet and positive marijuana expectancies to examine direct and indirect effects on marijuana use and related problems. : 250 college students (61.7% female, 54% white) recruited from a southeastern university.

Effect of Mindfulness-Based Relapse Prevention on Impulsivity Trajectories Among Young Adults in Residential Substance Use Disorder Treatment.

Objectives: Impulsivity has been identified as an important construct in predicting the initiation and maintenance of substance use among at-risk populations. Interventions emphasizing mindfulness strategies appear particularly promising in reducing substance use and marking change in various aspects of impulsivity.

Methods: The current study used a rolling group mindfulness-based relapse prevention (MBRP) intervention for young adults in residential substance use disorder treatment.

Relations Between Acute Effects of Alcohol on Response Inhibition, Impaired Control over Alcohol Use, and Alcohol-Related Problems.

Background: Alcohol consistently impairs response inhibition in the laboratory, and alcohol impairment of response inhibition may lead to excess consumption or increases in intoxicated risk behavior, both of which contribute to risk for alcohol-related problems. To our knowledge, no prior studies have examined relations between alcohol impairment of response inhibition and either impaired control over alcohol (i.e.

Relationships between generalized impulsivity and subjective stimulant and sedative responses following alcohol administration.

Impulsivity and subjective response (SR) to alcohol (i.e., individual differences in sensitivity to pharmacologic alcohol effects) are both empirically supported risk factors for alcohol use disorder; however, these constructs have been infrequently studied as related risk factors.

Does Self-Reported or Behavioral Impulsivity Predict Subjective Response to Low-Dose Alcohol?

Aims: Subjective response to alcohol and impulsivity are both independent predictors of alcohol use and may be related risk factors for alcohol use disorders (AUDs). Recent findings suggest that more impulsive individuals may experience higher risk subjective response patterns at moderate-to-high doses of alcohol. However, whether these relationships are observable early in a drinking occasion remains an open question.

Poly-victimization and trajectories of binge drinking from adolescence to young adulthood among serious juvenile offenders.

Background: Justice involved youth exposed to multiple forms of victimization (i.e., poly-victimization) may be at risk for long term substance use problems and difficulty in self-regulation, placing them at higher risk of long-term problematic behaviors.