Subnormothermic Machine Perfusion of Neonatal and Small-Sized Pediatric Donor Hearts.

Donor heart machine perfusion enables avoidance of prolonged cold ischemia, however the optimal temperature is yet to be elucidated. Given that maintenance of temperature beyond ambient levels demands significant energy, we sought to determine the suitability of room-temperature perfusion preservation of neonatal/pediatric-sized (5-20 kg) piglet donor hearts. A custom device was fabricated suitable for this purpose, with continuous readout of perfusion pressure, flow rate, temperature, and oxygen saturation.

The Banff 2022 Kidney Meeting Report: Re-Appraisal of Microvascular Inflammation and the Role of Biopsy-Based Transcript Diagnostics.

The XVI-th Banff Meeting for Allograft Pathology was held in Banff, Alberta, Canada, from 19th-23rd September 2022, as a joint meeting with the Canadian Society of Transplantation. To mark the 30 anniversary of the first Banff Classification, pre-meeting discussions were held on the past, present, and future of the Banff Classification. This report is a summary of the meeting highlights that were most important in terms of their effect on the Classification, including discussions around microvascular inflammation and biopsy-based transcript analysis for diagnosis.

Metabolic light absorption, scattering, and emission (MetaLASE) microscopy.

Optical imaging of metabolism can provide key information about health and disease progression in cells and tissues; however, current methods have lacked gold-standard information about histological structure. Conversely, histology and virtual histology methods have lacked metabolic contrast. Here, we present metabolic light absorption, scattering, and emission (MetaLASE) microscopy, which rapidly provides a virtual histology and optical metabolic readout simultaneously.

Clinical and molecular spectrum of v-lesion.

Isolated v-lesion presents diagnostic stratification and clinical challenges. We characterized allograft outcomes for this entity based on posttransplant time (early: ≤1 month vs late: >1 month) and compared its molecular phenotype with other v+ rejection forms. Using the NanoString B-HOT panel, we analyzed 92 archival formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue kidney biopsies from 3 centers: isolated v-lesion (n = 23), antibody-mediated rejection (ABMR) v+ (n = 26), T cell-mediated rejection (TCMR) v+ (n = 10), mixed rejection v+ (n = 23), and normal tissue (n = 10).

Disseminated Nocardia cyriacigeorgica Infection Disguised as a Metastatic Adrenal Gland Malignancy in a Healthy Patient.

, typically recognized as an uncommon opportunistic pathogen affecting immunocompromised individuals, has also been documented in various case reports involving infections in immunocompetent hosts. Transmission occurs through inhalation or inoculation into compromised skin. Subsequently, it can lead to disseminated infection via hematogenous spread, affecting nearly any organ with a particular affinity for the central nervous system.

Fluorine-18 Prostate-Specific Membrane Antigen-1007 PET/CT vs Multiparametric MRI for Locoregional Staging of Prostate Cancer.

Importance: Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) demonstrates overexpression in prostate cancer and correlates with tumor aggressiveness. PSMA positron emission tomography (PET) is superior to conventional imaging for the metastatic staging of prostate cancer per current research but studies of second-generation PSMA PET radioligands for locoregional staging are limited.

Objective: To determine the accuracy of fluorine-18 PSMA-1007 PET/computed tomography (18F-PSMA-1007 PET/CT) compared to multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the primary locoregional staging of intermediate-risk and high-risk prostate cancers.

The Banff 2022 Kidney Meeting Report: Reappraisal of microvascular inflammation and the role of biopsy-based transcript diagnostics.

The XVI-th Banff Meeting for Allograft Pathology was held at Banff, Alberta, Canada, from 19th to 23rd September 2022, as a joint meeting with the Canadian Society of Transplantation. To mark the 30th anniversary of the first Banff Classification, premeeting discussions were held on the past, present, and future of the Banff Classification. This report is a summary of the meeting highlights that were most important in terms of their effect on the Classification, including discussions around microvascular inflammation and biopsy-based transcript analysis for diagnosis.

Emerging phenotypes in kidney transplant rejection.

Purpose Of Review: This review focuses on more recently emerging rejection phenotypes in the context of time post transplantation and the resulting differential diagnostic challenges. It also discusses how novel ancillary diagnostic tools can potentially increase the accuracy of biopsy-based rejection diagnosis.

Recent Findings: With advances in reducing immunological risk at transplantation and improved immunosuppression treatment renal allograft survival improved.

Gleason Grade Group 4 prostate biopsy with no cancer seen on final pathology in the magnetic resonance imaging and Prostate Specific Membrane Antigen-Positron Emission Tomography era.

Introduction: The absence of prostate cancer on final surgical pathology after biopsy-proven prostate cancer is a rare finding.

Case Presentation: Case of pT0 prostate cancer following Gleason Grade Group 4 in 1 out of 12 cores from a transrectal ultrasound-guided biopsy in a man who underwent both magnetic resonance imaging and F-PSMA-1007 Positron Emission Tomography prior to radical prostatectomy.

Conclusion: pT0 prostate cancer is rare.

Deep learning-enabled realistic virtual histology with ultraviolet photoacoustic remote sensing microscopy.

The goal of oncologic surgeries is complete tumor resection, yet positive margins are frequently found postoperatively using gold standard H&E-stained histology methods. Frozen section analysis is sometimes performed for rapid intraoperative margin evaluation, albeit with known inaccuracies. Here, we introduce a label-free histological imaging method based on an ultraviolet photoacoustic remote sensing and scattering microscope, combined with unsupervised deep learning using a cycle-consistent generative adversarial network for realistic virtual staining.

Perineural Invasion and Spread in Common Abdominopelvic Diseases: Imaging Diagnosis and Clinical Significance.

Malignancies and other diseases may spread by multiple pathways, including direct extension, hematogenous spread, or via lymphatic vessels. A less-well-understood route is the peripheral nervous system, which is known as perineural spread (PNS). In addition to accounting for pain and other neurologic symptoms, PNS affects both disease prognosis and management.

Quantitative scoring of progression in transplant glomerulopathy using digital pathology may be superior to Banff cg scoring.

Antibody-mediated rejection (ABMR) is a major cause of kidney allograft failure. Biopsy-based surrogate endpoints reflecting ABMR progression on sequential biopsies that predict long-term outcome offer the potential to make treatment trials for ABMR feasible. However, the Banff transplant glomerulopathy (TG) scoring system (chronic glomerular injury score [cg]) relies on relatively crude and arbitrary ordinal grades and has low inter-observer concordance that currently limits its usefulness as a surrogate endpoint for ABMR progression in clinical drug trials.

Lung allograft standardized histological analysis (LASHA) template: A research consensus proposal.

Background: Routine monitoring of lung-transplanted patients is crucial for the identification of immunological and non-immunological complications. Determining the etiology of acute allograft dysfunction, particularly in alloimmune-mediated disorders, relies heavily on the lung biopsy with histopathologic analysis. Standardization of the pathologic diagnosis of rejection (e.

Fast hybrid optomechanical scanning photoacoustic remote sensing microscopy for virtual histology.

A rapid scanning microscopy method for hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) like images is sought after for interoperative diagnosis of solid tumor margins. The rapid observation and diagnosis of histological samples can greatly lower surgical risk and improve patient outcomes from solid tumor resection surgeries. Photoacoustic remote sensing (PARS) has recently been demonstrated to provide images of virtual H&E stains with excellent concordance with true H&E staining of formalin-fixed, paraffin embedded tissues.

Bilateral Lung Transplant for Treatment of Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis With Undetected Lung Adenocarcinoma: A Case Report.

Background: Lung transplant has become a curative therapy for various forms of progressive lung disease refractory to medical management. Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a rare condition characterized by accumulation of activated fibroblasts and secretion of extracellular matrices within the lung parenchyma. End-stage IPF is a fatal condition, with limited medical therapies other than lung transplantation.

Risk stratification of gastrointestinal stromal tumors by Nanostring gene expression profiling.

Purpose: The risk assessment classification schemes for gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) include tumor site, size, mitotic count and variably tumor rupture. Heterogeneity in high-risk GIST poses limitations for current classification schemes. This study aims to demonstrate the clinical utility of risk stratification by gene expression profiling (GEP) using Nanostring technology.

Successful Long-Term Outcome After Transplantation of Lungs Affected by Smoke Inhalation Injury.

We report a case of a 43-year-old woman who underwent double lung transplantation from a donor with severe airway burns following a house fire. The recipient's lung function and quality of life remain excellent 24 months following transplantation. This case is the first to report successful long-term outcomes in transplantation of lungs affected by smoke inhalation.

Investigating Practical Impacts of Using Single-Antenna and Dual-Antenna GNSS/INS Sensors in UAS-Lidar Applications.

Data collected from a moving lidar sensor can produce an accurate digital representation of the physical environment that is scanned, provided the time-dependent positions and orientations of the lidar sensor can be determined. The most widely used approach to determining these positions and orientations is to collect data with a GNSS/INS sensor. The use of dual-antenna GNSS/INS sensors within commercial UAS-lidar systems is uncommon due to the higher cost and more complex installation of the GNSS antennas.