[CEREBROSPINAL FLUID (CSF) LEAK FOLLOWING COVID-19 NASAL SWAB: A CASE REPORT].

Coronavirus 19 (Covid-19) emerged as a global pandemic with over 12,900 deaths in Israel alone. On average, more than 40,000 tests to detect the virus daily were performed in Israel. According to the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), the recommended methods for testing are nasopharyngeal swab, mid-turbinate, or anterior nasal swab specimen.

Temporal PLGG and epilepsy.

Temporal lobe epilepsy in children is often secondary to various low-grade glial and glioneural tumors and rarely secondary to mesial temporal sclerosis. Despite the benign nature, tumor-associated TLE in children often becomes refractory over time. Abundant literature has shown the significant advantage of tumor resection compared to conservative treatment, in achieving seizure control, as well as the rates of antiseizure medication reduction.

Costs analysis of cochlear implantation in children.

Objectives: The study assessed the direct medical costs of the cochlear implantation pathway from the healthcare payer's perspective, in children with bilateral severe to profound hearing loss, from diagnosis to 3 years' follow-up after first implantation. We also compared costs between two populations: congenital and progressive deafness.

Material And Methods: A retrospective costs analysis was performed for 56 children who received a cochlear implant in one French pediatric ENT center.

White-matter correlates of anxiety: The contribution of the corpus-callosum to the study of anxiety and stress-related disorders.

Objectives: Traumatic stress has been associated with increased risk for brain alterations and development of anxiety disorders. Studies conducted in posttraumatic patients have shown white-mater volume and diffusion alterations in the corpus-callosum. Decreased cognitive performance has been demonstrated in acute stress disorder and posttraumatic patients.

Epilepsy surgery in infants up to 3 months of age: Safety, feasibility, and outcomes: A multicenter, multinational study.

Objective: Drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE) during the first few months of life is challenging and necessitates aggressive treatment, including surgery. Because the most common causes of DRE in infancy are related to extensive developmental anomalies, surgery often entails extensive tissue resections or disconnection. The literature on "ultra-early" epilepsy surgery is sparse, with limited data concerning efficacy controlling the seizures, and safety.

Abundance of -glycoprotein and Breast Cancer Resistance Protein Measured by Targeted Proteomics in Human Epileptogenic Brain Tissue.

Our goal was to measure the absolute differential abundance of key drug transporters in human epileptogenic brain tissue and to compare them between patients and at various distances from the epileptogenic zone within the same patient. Transporter protein abundance was quantified in brain tissue homogenates from patients who underwent epilepsy surgery, using targeted proteomics, and correlations with clinical and tissue characteristics were assessed. Fourteen brain samples (including four epileptogenic hippocampal samples) were collected from nine patients.

Quantitative Meta-Analyses: Lateralization of Memory Functions Before and After Surgery in Children with Temporal Lobe Epilepsy.

Rationale: Memory deficits in children with epilepsy have been reported in some but not all studies assessing the effects of side of seizures and resection from the temporal lobe on cognitive performance. This meta-analysis provides a quantitative systematic review of previous studies on this issue.

Method: A critical review and meta-analysis of the literature on memory performance in children with Temporal Lobe Epilepsy (TLE) was conducted.

Pediatricians as Case Managers Reduce the Exposure to Computerized Tomography in Children Experiencing Minor Head Trauma.

Background: Head trauma is one of the most common reasons for pediatric emergency medicine department (PED) visits. Computerized tomography (CT) scan is considered the criterion standard for the diagnosis of traumatic brain injury but was shown to increases the risk of malignancies.

Methods: We retrospectively analyzed collected data of all children (ages 0-16 years) experiencing mild head trauma who were admitted to a single center, from January 1, 2010, to December 31, 2015.

Preoperative localization of seizure onset zones by magnetic source imaging, EEG-correlated functional MRI, and their combination.

Objective: Preoperative localization of seizure onset zones (SOZs) is an evolving field in the treatment of refractory epilepsy. Both magnetic source imaging (MSI), and the more recent EEG-correlated functional MRI (EEG-fMRI), have shown applicability in assisting surgical planning. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the capability of each method and their combination in localizing the seizure onset lobe (SL).

Monocytes as Carriers of Magnetic Nanoparticles for Tracking Inflammation in the Epileptic Rat Brain.

Background: Inflammation is a hallmark of epileptogenic brain tissue. Previously, we have shown that inflammation in epilepsy can be delineated using systemically-injected fluorescent and magnetite- laden nanoparticles. Suggested mechanisms included distribution of free nanoparticles across a compromised blood-brain barrier or their transfer by monocytes that infiltrate the epileptic brain.

E-bike-related cranial injuries in pediatric population.

Purpose: E-bikes are being used increasingly by all age groups. Children riding e-bikes often do not use safety equipment such as helmets, and are at increased risk for injuries requiring neurosurgery. The most common type of injury among pediatric e-bikers is head and neck trauma.

Combination Treatment with Intravenous Tigecycline and Intraventricular and Intravenous Colistin in Postoperative Ventriculitis Caused by Multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii.

Nosocomial infections with multidrug-resistant (MDR) pathogens are a life-threatening complication in neurosurgery. An MDR Acinetobacter baumannii (A. baumannii) central nervous system (CNS) infection following neurosurgery has been previously reported and was treated with relative success using intraventricular and/or intravenous (IV) colistin, IV tigecycline, or IV colistin-rifampicin combination therapy.

The clinical characteristics of posttraumatic epilepsy following moderate-to-severe traumatic brain injury in children.

Purpose: Children with traumatic brain injury (TBI) are at increased risk of posttraumatic epilepsy (PTE); the risk increases according to TBI severity. We examined the long-term incidence and risk factors for developing PTE in a cohort of children hospitalised at one medical centre with moderate or severe TBI.

Methods: Moderate brain injury was classified as Glasgow Coma Score on Arrival (GCSOA) of 9-13, and severe brain injury as GCSOA ≤8.

Preliminary results of immune modulating antibody MDV9300 (pidilizumab) treatment in children with diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma.

Diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma (DIPG) is an incurable disease with a median overall survival of 10 months. Immune modulating antibodies have recently emerged as a highly promising treatment modality in multiple cancer types. We present results from the first study to evaluate the immune modulating antibody MDV9300 (pidilizumab) in pediatric patients with DIPG.

Prevalence, Characteristics, and Long-Term Prognosis of Epilepsy Associated with Pediatric Brain Tumors.

Objective: We investigated the prevalence, onset, characteristics, and long-term course of epilepsy disease in children who underwent surgical intervention for diagnosed brain tumors.

Methods: We reviewed the medical records of children with diagnosed brain tumors who underwent surgery during 2004-2014 at the Hadassah Medical Center. All patients with epilepsy were invited to a clinical visit that included a neurologic examination.

Temporal lobe surgery for intractable epilepsy in children: What to do with the hippocampus?

Purpose: Resection of the hippocampus can cause verbal memory decline, especially in the pediatric population. Thus, preservation of the hippocampus can be crucial for the quality of life of children with intractable temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) who are candidates for epilepsy surgery. We investigated techniques that determine whether the hippocampus is part of the epileptogenic zone and the outcomes of pediatric surgery aimed to spare the hippocampus.

Posttraumatic epilepsy: long-term follow-up of children with mild traumatic brain injury.

OBJECTIVE Posttraumatic epilepsy (PTE) is a known complication of traumatic brain injury (TBI). The true incidence of PTE in children is still uncertain, because most research has been based primarily on adults. This study aimed to determine the true incidence of PTE in a pediatric population with mild TBI (MTBI) and to identify risk factors for the development of epileptic events.

Clinical Significance of Long-Term Follow-Up of Children with Posttraumatic Skull Base Fracture.

Objective: To assess the incidence of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak and meningitis, and the need for prophylactic antibiotics, antipneumococcal vaccination, and surgical interventions, in children with a skull base fracture.

Methods: We reviewed the records of children with a skull base fracture who were admitted to our tertiary care center between 2009 and 2014.

Results: A total of 196 children (153 males), age 1 month to 18 years (mean age, 6 ± 4 years), were hospitalized with skull base fracture.

Unilateral Postoperative Deep Cerebral Venous Thrombosis with Complete Recovery: A Report of 2 Cases.

Postsurgical deep brain venous thrombosis has not been well described in children before. When approaching thalamic or intraventricular lesions, extra care should be taken to prevent injury to the internal cerebral veins (ICVs) and the vein of Galen. However, even when they are well preserved during surgery, postoperative hemodynamic changes, mainly in the first 24 h, or surgical manipulation can cause thrombosis of these veins.

Verbal memory after temporal lobe epilepsy surgery in children: Do only mesial structures matter?

Objective: Previous findings have been mixed regarding verbal memory outcome after left temporal lobectomy in children, and there are few studies comparing verbal memory change after lateral versus mesial temporal lobe resections. We compared verbal memory outcome associated with sparing or including the mesial structures in children who underwent left or right temporal lobe resection. We also investigated predictors of postsurgical verbal memory change.

Diagnosing necrotic meningioma: a distinctive imaging pattern in diffusion MRI and MR spectroscopy.

The differential diagnosis of necrotic meningiomas includes brain abscess and malignant neoplasms. We report and discuss hereby the work-up of two patients diagnosed with necrotic meningioma using diffusion-weighted imaging, magnetic resonance spectroscopy, resective surgery, and histopathology. The purpose of the present article is to add to the scant literature on the use of advanced imaging modalities in the routine investigation of brain lesions and their utility in arriving at the final diagnosis.

Lateral Sinus Thrombosis: The Importance of the Unaffected Sinus.

Background And Purpose: Intracranial hypertension develops in only some patients with lateral sinus thrombosis (LST), for reasons that are unclear. The purpose of this study was to evaluate a possible association between patency of the unaffected sinus and clinical presentation of unilateral LST.

Methods: A computerized search identified patients with LST, hospitalized in Soroka Medical Center.

Evaluation of the necessity of hospitalization in children with an isolated linear skull fracture (ISF).

Objective: The prevalence of skull fractures after mild head trauma is 2 % in children of all ages and 11 % in children younger than 2 years. The current standard management for a child diagnosed with an isolated skull fracture (ISF), in our institute, is hospitalization for a 24-h observation period. Based on data from the literature, less than 1 % of all minor head injuries require neurosurgical intervention.

Intracranial hypertension secondary to a skull lesion without mass effect.

We report and discuss five patients with intracranial hypertension due to a skull lesion reducing cerebral sinus patency with a compressive, non-thrombotic mechanism. We illustrate the importance of a high level of suspicion for this condition in patients presenting with headache, papilledema and increased intracranial pressure in the absence of focal signs or radiological evidence of mass effect.