Adaptation and validation of the Mood Rhythm Instrument for use in Brazilian adolescents.

Objective: Adapt and validate the Mood Rhythm Instrument (MRhI), a self-reported questionnaire that assesses self-perceived rhythmicity of mood-related symptoms in adults, into a version that assesses and evaluates perceived mood-related symptoms in adolescents (MRhI-Y).

Methods: Adaptation of the Brazilian Portuguese version of the MRhI for an adolescent population followed three steps: review by consultants, analysis by experts, and pilot testing through a visual analogue scale (VAS). The final questionnaire (MRhI-Y) was applied to 171 adolescents aged 12-17 years.

Clinical implications of a staging model for bipolar disorders.

A model of staging in the field of bipolar disorder (BD) should offer a means for clinicians to predict response to treatment and more general outcome measures, such as the level of functioning and autonomy. The present staging model emphasizes the assessment of patients in the interepisodic period and includes: latent phase: individuals who present mood and anxiety symptoms and increased risk for developing threshold BD; Stage I--patients with BD who present well established periods of euthymia and absence of overt psychiatric morbidity between episodes; Stage II--patients who present rapid cycling or current axis I or II comorbidities; Stage III--patients who present a clinically relevant pattern of cognitive and functioning deterioration, as well as altered biomarkers; and Stage IV--patients who are unable to live autonomously and present altered brain scans and biomarkers. Such a model implies a longitudinal appraisal of clinical variables, as well as assessment of neurocognition and biomarkers in the interepisodic period.

DNA damage in bipolar disorder.

Bipolar disorder (BD) is a prevalent, chronic, severe, and highly disabling psychiatric disorder that is associated with increased morbidity and mortality due to general medical conditions. There is an emerging body of evidence correlating chronic medical conditions with DNA damage. The present study was designed to assess DNA damage in BD patients using the comet assay (CA).

Mismatch between self-reported quality of life and functional assessment in acute mania: a matter of unawareness of illness?

Background: Studies addressing self-reported quality of life (QoL) in acute mania are scarce and inconsistent. While it has been suggested that there is some disagreement between objective measures and subjective QoL as reported by acutely manic patients, this issue has not been systematically studied. This study aims to investigate the self-reported QoL in manic, depressed, and euthymic BD subjects, as compared to matched healthy controls.

Increased oxidative stress after repeated amphetamine exposure: possible relevance as a model of mania.

Background: Acute mania can be modeled in animals using D-amphetamine (AMPH). Acute AMPH injections are associated with monoamine depletion, loss of neurofilaments and neurite degeneration. However, the precise mechanisms underlying AMPH-induced neurotoxicity are still unclear.

[Neuropatological and neurochemical abnormalities in bipolar disorder].

Objectives: Postmortem, pharmacological, neuroimaging, and animal model studies have demonstrated a possible association of intracellular signaling mechanisms in the pathophysiology of bipolar disorder. The objective of this paper is to review the findings in neuropathology and cellular biochemistry.

Methods: We performed a MEDLINE research, between 1980-2003, using bipolar disorder, signaling, second messengers, and postmortem as keywords, and cross-references.

[Physiopathology of bipolar disorders: what have changed in the last 10 years?].

Despite recent efforts to understand the neurobiology of Bipolar Disorder (BD), the exact pathophysiology remains undetermined. Due to the effects of various psychopharmacological agents, initial research focused on the study of biogenic amines. Recent evidence has shown that dysfunction in intracellular signaling systems and gene expression may be associated with BD.

[The integration of psychopharmacotherapy and psychoanalytical psychotherapy: a critical review].

Objective: Integration between psychotherapy and psychopharmacotherapy has been a conflicting subject in the history of psychiatry. To date, dichotomy between "biological" and "psychological" models is noticed, although recent studies have been showing the importance of the association of these modalities in the current psychiatric practice. This study attempts to review psychodynamic, technical, and other issues involving the integration of pharmacological and psychotherapeutical treatments.