[The technology of induction of physiological ketosis in asthenia of various origins and decreased resistance to cognitive and physical activity].

Objective: To assess the possibility of achieving physiological ketosis with oral administration of beta-hydroxybutyrate salts and, if ketosis is achieved, to assess its effect on cognitive functioning in patients with brain dysfunction during the recovery period after a somatic disease.

Material And Methods: The study included 86 patients with complaints of asthenic manifestations (ICD-10 diagnoses F06; F07; R53). Half of the patients were included in the study group taking beta-hydroxybutyrate salts, and the other half were included in the control group taking placebo.

Efficacy of a Relaxation Scenario in Virtual Reality for the Comorbid Symptoms of Anxiety and Asthenia in a General Hospital Setting: A Pilot Comparative Randomized Open-Label Study.

Background: Patients in general hospitals often display concomitant signs of mental maladjustment: low mood, anxiety, apathy, asthenia, all of which can have a negative impact on the course of the underlying disease and the recovery process. One of the non-pharmacological approaches that has gained wider acceptance in medical practice in recent years is the use of procedures based on virtual reality.

Aim: Assess the efficacy of the new domestic, virtual reality application Flow as relates to symptoms of anxiety and asthenia in patients undergoing inpatient treatment.

[Low doses of quetiapine (Seroquel) as an impulsivity corrector in patients with bipolar affective disorder in remission].

Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of low doses (25-75 mg/day) of quetiapine (Seroquel) in patients with bipolar affective disorders in a euthymic state with signs of impaired impulse control.

Material And Methods: The main criteria for patients' selection were as follows: both sex, diagnoses of bipolar affective disorders, remission (euthymic state), adult age (from 18 to 60 years old), stable basic therapy. The duration of the study was 6 weeks, a dose of quetiapine (Seroquel) varied from 25 to 75 mg.

Efficacy and safety of a food supplement with standardized menthol, limonene, and gingerol content in patients with irritable bowel syndrome: A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial.

Background: Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) affects 9,2% of the global population and places a considerable burden on healthcare systems. Most medications for treating IBS, including spasmolytics, laxatives, and antidiarrheals, have low efficacy. Effective and safe therapeutic treatments have yet to be developed for IBS.

Development of Peptide Biopharmaceuticals in Russia.

Peptides are low-molecular-weight substances that participate in numerous important physiological functions, such as human growth and development, stress, regulation of the emotional state, sexual behavior, and immune responses. Their mechanisms of action are based on receptor-ligand interactions, which result in highly selective effects. These properties and low toxicity enable them to be considered potent drugs.

Treatment Response and GWAS Risk Allele rs2514218 (C) of the Dopamine D2 Receptor Gene in Inpatients with Schizophrenia.

Introduction: The pathophysiological mechanisms of acute schizophrenia are largely unknown, but it is widely accepted that dopamine D2 receptors (DRD2s) are involved in psychosis treatments for schizophrenic patients. We suggest that genetic variation in these receptors may play a role in patients' responses to commonly used antipsychotics, particularly D2-blockers.

Methods: This study included adult patients with ICD-10 diagnoses of schizophrenia and current acute psychosis who were treated with antipsychotics.

[An effect of cholinesterase blockade on negative symptoms in schizophrenia].

Unlabelled: Abstruct.

Objective: To assess the possibilities of influencing the severity of negative disorders in schizophrenic patients with cholinesterase blockade.

Material And Methods: The study included stable 26 patients (13 of them women), average age 40.

Effects of the drug combination memantine and melatonin on impaired memory and brain neuronal deficits in an amyloid-predominant mouse model of Alzheimer's disease.

Objectives: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder with no cure. Limited treatment options available today do not offer solutions to slow or stop any of the suspected causes. The current medications used for the symptomatic treatment of AD include memantine and acetylcholine esterase inhibitors.

5-HT6 Receptor Antagonist as an Adjunct Treatment Targeting Residual Symptoms in Patients With Schizophrenia: Unexpected Sex-Related Effects (Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Trial).

Background: Treating patients who experience residual psychotic symptoms during remission of schizophrenia remains one of the most challenging problems. The mechanisms underlying these symptoms differ from those of acute hallucinations and delusions. 5-HT6 receptor antagonists have been considered promising agents in treatment of residual psychotic symptoms and cognitive dysfunction.

[The use of acatinol in the treatment of stable patients with schizophrenia with predominance of behaviour disorganization and subcatatonic features].

Our study was based on the hypothesis that a non competitive antagonist of NMDA receptors can improve clinical effects of antipsychotic therapy in a subgroup of patients with schizophrenia with clinical signs of glutamatergic hyperfunction such as catatonic symptoms and disorganization. The study design was open and non-comparative. The duration of the study for each patient was 6 months, the target dosage of acatinol was 20 mg.

Double-blind placebo-controlled randomized efficacy and safety trial of add-on treatment of dimebon plus risperidone in schizophrenic patients during transition from acute psychotic episode to remission.

Background: There is evidence that blockade of 5-HT 6 receptors can improve cognitive dysfunction in schizophrenic patients. A number of antagonists of 5-HT6 receptors are in development as cognitive enhancers. One of the agents with relatively strong 5-HT6 activity is dimebon.

[Platelet peculiarities in chronic schizophrenic patients].

A comparative study of the platelet resistance to different effects was conducted in patients with chronic schizophrenia and healthy controls using column chromatography on sepharose CL-2B with the incubation at 5 degrees C during 18 h. This method allows to reveal the greater platelet activation in patients compared to the controls. The platelet number in platelet rich plasma (PRP) obtained by centrifugation was 1,8 times less in male patients with chronic schizophrenia than in the controls.

[Effects of the anticholinesterase drug neuromidin in patients with schizophrenia with marked neurocognitive deficits].

An objective of the study was to investigate the effectiveness of neuromidin in stable schizophrenic patients with predominance of symptoms of pseudoorganic deficits. Fifty-five patients stable after a transition from routine medication to monotherapy with risperidone were randomized into two groups with add-on placebo or neuromidin treatment. Patients were studied during 24 weeks.

[Platelet serotonergic parameters and clinical symptoms of psychosis in patients with episodic progressive schizophrenia].

A sample included 59 patients, 38 males and 21 females, mean age (M+/-SD) 33,4+/-10,2 years, age-at-onset 26+/-9,5 years, illness duration 7,8+/-6,1 years, with episodic progressive schizophrenia (ICD-10: schizophrenia, paranoid type, F20.0) with continuous course at the stage of exacerbation. Clinical symptoms were assessed using the PANSS.

[Parameters of platelet serotonin system in patients with schizophrenia treated with olanzapine: a search for the serotonergic predictors of therapeutic efficacy].

Fifty-nine patients, 21 women and 38 men, with ICD-10 diagnosis of schizophrenia (F20.0), attack-like type, were treated with olanzapine during 28 weeks (8-weeks of acute and 20-weeks of maintenance therapy). Evaluation of clinical symptoms measured by the Positive and Negative Syndromes scale (PANSS) revealed that female patients responded better to therapy as compared to male ones, with PANSS total, PANSS negative and PANSS general psychopathological scores being significantly reduced (p < 0.

[Levels and molecular heterogeneity of serotonin transporter protein in platelets of patients with different mental diseases: a comparative analysis with the use of monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies].

Polyclonal (PAb) and monoclonal (MAb) antibodies to CT2-epitope of the C-terminal fragment of serotonin transporter (SERT) protein were used to study the levels and molecular heterogeneity of platelet SERT in healthy donors and patients with affective (AD) and somatoform (SD) disorders, schizoaffective disorder (SAD) and schizophrenia. SERT was found to exist as high molecular wight (HMW) and low molecular weight (LMW) forms separated after electrophoresis. The levels of HMW and LMW forms of SERT were significantly, decreased in mentally ill patients as compared to healthy individuals.

The state of the serotonin transporter protein in the platelets of patients with somatoform [correction of somatiform] disorders.

The role of the serotonin transporter protein (STP) in the development of somatoform [corrected] disorders was addressed in a correlational study of the levels of immunoreactive STP (IR-STP) using site-specific antibodies against the least conserved (among a group of other cotransporters) epitope at the C-terminal of STP and the level of anxiety symptoms in patients with somatoform [corrected] disorders. A total of 22 patients were studied, with DSM-IV diagnoses of somatoform [corrected] disorders, along with 32 mentally healthy subjects of comparable age and sex. Immunoblotting of IR-STP from patients from healthy donors produced a diffuse band between 68 and 105 kDal and a clear narrow band at 43 kDal.

[The experience of application of olanzapine: an atypical neuroleptic in acute schizophrenia].

Thirty adult patients with acute schizophrenia were included into six-week open-labelled, non-comparative trial of olanzapine with free dosing from 5 to 20 mg per day. For assessment of efficacy and safety of the treatment PANSS, BPRS, CGL and ESRS scales were used. The main criterion of improvement was the percentage of reduction of BPRS score to the end of the trial.

[The status of serotonin protein -- a serotonin transporter in thrombocytes in patients with somatoform disorders].

The role of serotonin transporter (SERT) protein in the development of somatoform disorders (SD) was investigated. An association study was performed in terms of the evaluation of the level of SERT immunoreactive (IR-SERT) protein using site-specific antibodies directed at SERT C-terminus fragment, poorly conserved among the other cotransporters. The level of the anxious symptomatology was also estimated in the patients with SD.