Antifungal Drug Usage in European Neonatal Units: A Multicenter Weekly Point Prevalence Study.

Background: Data on antifungal prescribing in neonatal patients are limited to either single-center or single-country studies or to 1-day recording. Therefore, we assessed antifungal longitudinal usage in neonatal units (NUs) within Europe.

Methods: CALYPSO, a prospective weekly point prevalence study on antifungal drug usage in NUs in 18 hospitals (8 European countries), was conducted in 2020 during a 12-week period.

Pathogens in Pediatric Septic Arthritis: A Multi-Center Study in Turkiye (PEDSART Study).

Objectives: Septic arthritis (SA) is a serious bacterial infection that must be treated efficiently and timely. The large number of culture-negative cases makes local epidemiological data important. Accordingly, this study aimed to evaluate the etiology, clinical characteristics, and therapeutic approach of SA in children in Turkiye, emphasizing the role of real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) techniques in the diagnosis.

Complex Infections in Urgently Referred Neonates from Syrian Border Regions to a Hospital in Turkey: A Cross-Border Cluster.

complex (BCC) is a rare cause of sepsis in neonates, but infections are usually severe. It can be encountered unexpectedly when adequate health care is not provided. In this study, 49 neonatal cases with blood culture-proven BCC bacteremia within the first 72 h following admission to the neonatal intensive care unit between June 2017 and December 2018 were retrospectively analyzed in detail.

Performance of QuantiFERON-TB Gold Plus assays in paediatric tuberculosis: a multicentre PTBNET study.

Rationale: In 2016, a new interferon-gamma release assay (IGRA) was introduced, QuantiFERON-TB Gold Plus (QFT-Plus), claimed to have improved sensitivity in active tuberculosis (TB).

Objectives: This study aimed to determine the performance of QFT-Plus, compared with previous generation IGRAs and the tuberculin skin test (TST), in children with TB in Europe.

Methods: Multicentre, ambispective cohort study within the Paediatric Tuberculosis Network European Trials Group (ptbnet), a dedicated paediatric TB research network comprising >300 members, capturing TB cases <18 years-of-age diagnosed between January 2009 and December 2019.

Evaluation of Baseline Characteristics and Prognostic Factors in Multisystemic Inflammatory Syndrome in Children: Is It Possible to Foresee the Prognosis in the First Step?

Background: Two years after the first cases, critical gaps remain in identifying prognostic factors in multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C). Methods: This retrospective study included 99 patients with MIS-C hospitalized between August 2020 and March 2022 in a pediatric tertiary center. The patients were divided into two groups according to clinical severity (low- and high-risk).

Evaluation of vaccination status of health care workers for recommended vaccines and their acceptance of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines.

Introduction: Health care workers (HCWs) are disproportionately exposed to infectious diseases and play a role in nosocomial transmission, making them a key demographic for vaccination. HCW vaccination rates are not optimal in many countries; hence, compulsory vaccination policies have been implemented in some countries. Although these policies are effective and necessary under certain conditions, resolving HCWs' hesitancies and misconceptions about vaccines is crucial.

Safety and reactogenicity of a liquid formulation of human rotavirus vaccine (porcine circovirus-free): A phase III, observer-blind, randomized, multi-country study.

Background: The introduction of rotavirus vaccines in national immunization programs has decreased mortality and hospitalizations due to diarrhea. GSK's live-attenuated, human rotavirus vaccine (HRV) is a 2-dose vaccine for oral administration. Following the detection of porcine circovirus type 1 (PCV-1) in HRV, a PCV-free (no detection of PCV-1 and PCV-2 according to the detection limits of tests used) HRV was developed.

COVID-19 associated multisystemic inflammatory syndrome in 614 children with and without overlap with Kawasaki disease-Turk MIS-C study group.

Unlabelled: Multisystemic inflammatory syndrome (MIS-C) diagnosis remains difficult because the clinical features overlap with Kawasaki disease (KD). The study aims to highlight the clinical and laboratory features and outcomes of patients with MISC whose clinical manifestations overlap with or without KD. This study is a retrospective analysis of a case series designed for patients aged 1 month to 18 years in 28 hospitals between November 1, 2020, and June 9, 2021.

SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity among pediatric health care personnel after the first peak of the pandemic: nationwide surveillance in Turkey.

Background: Understanding SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence among health care personnel is important to explore risk factors for transmission, develop elimination strategies and form a view on the necessity and frequency of surveillance in the future.

Methods: We enrolled 4927 health care personnel working in pediatric units at 32 hospitals from 7 different regions of Turkey in a study to determine SARS Co-V-2 seroprevalence after the first peak of the COVID-19 pandemic. A point of care serologic lateral flow rapid test kit for immunoglobulin (Ig)M/IgG was used.

Differences and similarities of multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children, Kawasaki disease and macrophage activating syndrome due to systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis: a comparative study.

To compare the clinical and laboratory findings of multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C), patients with Kawasaki disease (KD) and with macrophage activating syndrome due to systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis (sJIA-MAS) on real-life data. Patients diagnosed with MIS-C, KD, and sJIA-MAS from 12 different centers in Turkey who were followed for at least 6 months were included in the study. Demographic, clinical, and laboratory findings of all patients were analyzed.

The Spectrum of Underlying Diseases in Children with Torticollis.

Aim: To investigate the underlying conditions in children with torticollis.

Material And Methods: Between May 2016 and December 2019, 24 patients (10 girls and 14 boys; mean age, 8 years) presenting with twisted neck, neck pain, weakness of extremities, imbalance, and gait disorder were evaluated retrospectively.

Results: Five of the patients had cranial pathologies (cerebellar anaplastic ependymoma and medulloblastoma, brain stem glioma, atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumor, and acute disseminated encephalomyelitis), and five of the patients had spinal pathologies (idiopathic intervertebral disc calcification, vertebral hemangiomatosis, compression fracture, multiple hereditary exostoses, and Langerhans cell histiocytosis at C4).

Secondary Hemophagocytic Lymphohistocytosis in a Child With Brucellosis.

Hemophagocytic lymphohistocytosis (HLH) is a potentially fatal hyperinflammatory syndrome that is characterized by proliferation of histiocytes and hemophagocytosis in different organs. The diagnostic criteria include fever, hepatosplenomegaly, bicytopenia, high serum ferritin level, decreased natural killer cell activity, elevated soluble CD25 level, high serum fasting triglyceride level or low fibrinogen level, and hemophagocytosis in the bone marrow, spleen, or lymph nodes. HLH can be classified as primary and secondary.

Acute kidney injury following hypokalemic rhabdomyolysis: complication of chronic heavy cola consumption in an adolescent boy.

A 16-year-old boy presented with acute kidney injury (AKI) which was attributed to chronic heavy cola consumption. Habitual heavy cola ingestion might lead to hypokalemic rhabdomyolysis by its glycyrrhizin content. AKI has been described rarely in association with this clinical picture.