Delphi definition of general practice/family medicine specialty for a post-COVID world: in-person and remote care delivery.

Introduction: The evolving landscape of general practice (GP)/family medicine (FM) in the post-COVID-19 era, focussing on integrating telemedicine and remote consultations requires a new definition for this specialty. Hence, a broader consensus-based definition of post-COVID-19 GP/FM is warranted.

Methods: This study involved a modified electronic Delphi technique involving 27 specialists working in primary care recruited via convenient and snowball sampling.

Relationship between Stress and Neuroimmunological Responses and Health Literacy in Newly Diagnosed HIV-Infected Patients: An Exploratory Study.

Objectives: We aimed to study self-rated health and psycho-neuroimmunological responses during the initial 6 months after testing positive for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and its relationship to health literacy, that is, the ability to take in and understand information about one's illness. Health literacy plays a critical role in patients' ability to adhere to antiretroviral treatment (ART). However, there is a lack of studies on the possible impact of HIV-induced proinflammatory processes on health literacy.

Workplace violence, work-related exhaustion, and workplace cognitive failure among nurses: A cross-sectional study.

Aim: To examine the relationships between nurses' exposure to workplace violence and self-reports of workplace cognitive failure.

Design: A cross-sectional study.

Methods: An online questionnaire was administered in April 2023 to nurses in Michigan, US.

Designing and Evaluating Opioid Misuse Prevention Training for Rural Communities and Health Care Providers.

Through Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration funding, Michigan State University (MSU) Extension partnered with MSU's Family Medicine and Health Department of Northwest Michigan to implement trainings for community members and health care providers to increase awareness and improve prevention efforts addressing opioid use disorder (OUD) in rural areas. We formed the Michigan Substance Use Prevention, Education and Recovery (MiSUPER) project to design and evaluate opioid misuse prevention trainings. A socio-ecological prevention model was an underlying conceptual framework for this project and drove strategies used in trainings, products created, and measurement.

Increased Substance Use among Nurses during the COVID-19 Pandemic.

There is growing evidence that the COVID-19 pandemic has had a severe impact on the nursing profession worldwide. Occupational strain has disrupted nurses' emotional wellbeing and may have led to negative coping behaviors, such as increased substance use, which could impair cognitive functioning. The aim of this study was to examine whether increased substance use in a sample of U.

Association Between Inflammatory Biomarkers and Mental Health Symptoms in Middle Eastern Refugees in the US.

Introduction: Refugees are at increased risk for trauma-related mental health disorders, including anxiety, depression, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The underlying biological mechanisms linking trauma to mental disorders need additional study, and the possible pathophysiological role of the immune system is attracting increasing interest. In this study, we investigated whether two well-known pro-inflammatory cytokines (interleukin (IL-8) and IL-6) are associated with mental health symptoms in Middle Eastern refugees displaced to the United States.

Patient-reported factors associated with avoidance of in-person care during the COVID-19 pandemic: Results from a national survey.

Background: There has been a substantial decline in in-person care in inpatient and outpatient settings during the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. Avoidance of needed in-person care may contribute to an avoidable decline in patient health and an increase in mortality. While several systems and behavioral theories have been put forward to explain the decline, there is a lack of studies informed by patients' own experiences.

IL-10: A possible immunobiological component of positive mental health in refugees.

Objective: As the number of refugees continues to rise, there is growing concern about the impact from trauma exposures on their mental health. However, there is a limited understanding of possible biological mechanisms contributing to the substantial inter-individual differences in trauma-related outcomes, especially as it relates to positive mental health. Only sparse work has focused on the biology of positive mental health, including energy and sleep, in trauma-exposed persons.

Applying machine learning to explore the association between biological stress and near misses in emergency medicine residents.

Physician stress is associated with near misses and adverse medical events. However, little is known about physiological mechanisms linking stress to such events. We explored the utility of machine learning to determine whether the catabolic stress hormone cortisol and the anabolic, anti-stress hormone dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-S), as well as the cortisol to DHEA-S ratio relate to near misses in emergency medicine residents during active duty in a trauma 1 emergency department.

Anticoagulants and the Hemostatic System: A Primer for Occupational Stress Researchers.

Anticoagulation, the body's mechanism to prevent blood clotting, is an internal biomarker of an individual's response to stress. Research has indicated that understanding the causes, processes, and consequences of anticoagulation can provide important insight into the experience of individuals facing emotional and occupational strain. Unfortunately, despite their importance, the mechanisms and implications of anticoagulation are unfamiliar to many researchers and practitioners working with trauma-exposed professionals.

Workplace Cognitive Failure among Nurses during the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Numerous studies provide evidence of the physical and emotional strain experienced by nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, little is known regarding the impact of this occupational strain on nurses' cognitive function at work. The aim of this study was to identify factors associated with workplace cognitive failure in a sample of U.

The Development of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Depression Symptoms in Iraqi Refugees: Associations with Acculturation and C-reactive Protein.

Refugees experience distress from premigration trauma, often exacerbated by postmigration difficulties. To develop effective interventions, risk factors for mental health symptoms need to be determined. Male Iraqi refugees (N = 53) to the United States provided background information and reported predisplacement trauma and psychological health within 1 month of their arrival.

Brain Health: Attitudes towards Technology Adoption in Older Adults.

(1) : There is increasing scholarly support for the notion that properly implemented and used, technology can be of substantial benefit for older adults. Use of technology has been associated with improved self-rating of health and fewer chronic conditions. Use of technology such as handheld devices by older adults has the potential to improve engagement and promote cognitive and physical health.

Perceptions of virtual primary care physicians: A focus group study of medical and data science graduate students.

Background: Artificial and virtual technologies in healthcare have advanced rapidly, and healthcare systems have been adapting care accordingly. An intriguing new development is the virtual physician, which can diagnose and treat patients independently.

Methods And Findings: This qualitative study of advanced degree students aimed to assess their perceptions of using a virtual primary care physician as a patient.

Lifestyle and psychosocial factors associated with maintenance of normal body mass index in college students: a cross sectional study.

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to identify lifestyle and psychosocial factors associated with maintenance of normal body mass index (BMI, 18.5-24.9 kg/m).

Nurse Reports of Stressful Situations during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Qualitative Analysis of Survey Responses.

The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has exposed nurses to conditions that threaten their health, well-being, and ability to work. It is therefore critical to study nurses' experiences and well-being during the current crisis in order to identify risk groups for ill health and potential sources of organizational intervention. The aim of this study was to explore perceptions of the most salient sources of stress in the early stages of the coronavirus pandemic in a sample of U.

Misalignment of Stakeholder Incentives in the Opioid Crisis.

The current opioid epidemic has killed more than 446,000 Americans over the past two decades. Despite the magnitude of the crisis, little is known to what degree the misalignment of incentives among stakeholders due to competing interests has contributed to the current situation. In this study, we explore evidence in the literature for the working hypothesis that misalignment rooted in the cost, quality, or access to care can be a significant contributor to the opioid epidemic.

Personal Protective Equipment and Mental Health Symptoms Among Nurses During the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Objective: To determine the association between access to adequate personal protective equipment (PPE) and mental health outcomes among a sample of U.S. nurses.

Enhancing healthcare efficiency to achieve the Quadruple Aim: an exploratory study.

Objective: Healthcare is battling a conflict between the Quadruple Aims-reducing costs; improving population health, patient experience, and team well-being-and productivity. This quasi-experimental pilot study tested a 2 week intervention aimed to address the Quadruple Aims while improving productivity. Participants were 25 employees and their patients in a primary care clinic.

Nurse-Reported Bullying and Documented Adverse Patient Events: An Exploratory Study in a US Hospital.

Background: Negative nurse work environments have been associated with nurse bullying and poor nurse health. However, few studies have examined the influence of nurse bullying on actual patient outcomes.

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to examine the association between nurse-reported bullying and documented nursing-sensitive patient outcomes.

Dysfunctional neuroplasticity in newly arrived Middle Eastern refugees in the U.S.: Association with environmental exposures and mental health symptoms.

Background: Psychological war trauma among displaced refugees is an established risk factor for mental health disorders, especially post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Persons with trauma-induced disorders have heightened neuroplastic restructuring of limbic brain circuits (e.g.

Perception of Discrimination in Employment and Health in Refugees and Immigrants.

Unemployment is associated with poor health among refugees and immigrants; however, the degree to which discrimination in employment contributes to poor health remains unclear because of methodological limitations. This cross-sectional study aims to investigate factors associated with perceived discrimination, ethnicity and migration status, and their implication on health (self-rated health & depression). Perceived discrimination was investigated in 273 Iraqi skilled-workers, refugees and immigrants, who are members of a professional scientific organization.

Neighborhood air pollution and household environmental health as it relates to respiratory health and healthcare utilization among elderly persons with asthma.

: The study investigated the associations between fine particulate matter (PM; <2.5 μm in diameter), indoor environment, pulmonary function, and healthcare utilization in a vulnerable group of elderly persons with asthma. We hypothesized that environmental conditions were associated with adverse pulmonary health outcomes.

Organizational determinants of bullying and work disengagement among hospital nurses.

Aims: To identify organizational determinants of bullying and resulting work disengagement among hospital nurses.

Design: A cross-sectional, web-based, anonymous questionnaire study.

Methods: The questionnaire was administered in 2017 to all Registered Nurses in a regional healthcare system in the United States (N = 1,780), with 331 complete responses.

Models of first responder coping: Police officers as a unique population.

The term "first responders" refers to a range of professional occupations, including police officers, fire fighters, search and rescue personnel, ambulance personnel, and military personnel. Research by the present authors has developed empirical models of first responder coping, identifying 2 coping pathways with differential outcomes: approach and avoidance coping. The present investigation considers police officers as a unique group and measures the extent to which police officers differ from other first responders in coping behaviours following trauma, based upon a nationally representative survey of 917 Swedish police officers.