The Daunomycin: Biosynthesis, Actions, and the Search for New Solutions to Enhance Production.

Daunorubicin (DNR) is an anthracycline antibiotic originating from soil-dwelling actinobacteria extensively used to treat malignant tumors. Over the decades, extensive attempts were made to enhance the production of anthracyclines by introducing genetic modifications and mutations in combination with media optimization, but the target production levels remain comparatively low. Developing an appropriate culture medium to maximize the yield of DNR and preventing autotoxicity for the producing organism remains a challenge.

Development and validation of artificial intelligence-based prescreening of large-bowel biopsies taken in the UK and Portugal: a retrospective cohort study.

Background: Histopathological examination is a crucial step in the diagnosis and treatment of many major diseases. Aiming to facilitate diagnostic decision making and improve the workload of pathologists, we developed an artificial intelligence (AI)-based prescreening tool that analyses whole-slide images (WSIs) of large-bowel biopsies to identify typical, non-neoplastic, and neoplastic biopsies.

Methods: This retrospective cohort study was conducted with an internal development cohort of slides acquired from a hospital in the UK and three external validation cohorts of WSIs acquired from two hospitals in the UK and one clinical laboratory in Portugal.

Extracts of Strains from Bee Bread Inhibit the Growth of spp. In Vitro.

Honey bees coexist with fungi that colonize hive surfaces and pollen. Some of these fungi are opportunistic pathogens, but many are beneficial species that produce antimicrobial compounds for pollen conservation and the regulation of pathogen populations. In this study, we tested the in vitro antimicrobial activity of strains isolated from bee bread against (associated with European foulbrood disease) and three species that cause stonebrood disease.

Screening of normal endoscopic large bowel biopsies with interpretable graph learning: a retrospective study.

Objective: To develop an interpretable artificial intelligence algorithm to rule out normal large bowel endoscopic biopsies, saving pathologist resources and helping with early diagnosis.

Design: A graph neural network was developed incorporating pathologist domain knowledge to classify 6591 whole-slides images (WSIs) of endoscopic large bowel biopsies from 3291 patients (approximately 54% female, 46% male) as normal or abnormal (non-neoplastic and neoplastic) using clinically driven interpretable features. One UK National Health Service (NHS) site was used for model training and internal validation.

Crude Extracts of Strains (Ascomycota) Affect Honey Bee () Resistance to Chronic Bee Paralysis Virus.

Viruses contribute significantly to the global decline of honey bee populations. One way to limit the impact of such viruses is the introduction of natural antiviral compounds from fungi as a component of honey bee diets. Therefore, we examined the effect of crude organic extracts from seven strains of the fungal genus in honey bee diets under laboratory conditions.

Deep learning based digital cell profiles for risk stratification of urine cytology images.

Urine cytology is a test for the detection of high-grade bladder cancer. In clinical practice, the pathologist would manually scan the sample under the microscope to locate atypical and malignant cells. They would assess the morphology of these cells to make a diagnosis.

Multigene Phylogeny, Morphological Observation and Re-examination of the Literature Lead to the Description of the Phaeosacciophyceae Classis Nova and Four New Species of the Heterokontophyta SI Clade.

The relationships among the Aurearenophyceae, Phaeothamniophyceae, Phaeophyceae and Xanthophyceae lineages of the Heterokontophyta SI clade are not well known. By adding previously unexamined taxa related to these classes in a five gene phylogeny (SSU rRNA, atpB, psaA, psaB, rbcL), we recovered an assemblage of taxa previously unrecognized. We propose the class Phaeosacciophyceae class.

Multiplex Cellular Communities in Multi-Gigapixel Colorectal Cancer Histology Images for Tissue Phenotyping.

In computational pathology, automated tissue phenotyping in cancer histology images is a fundamental tool for profiling tumor microenvironments. Current tissue phenotyping methods use features derived from image patches which may not carry biological significance. In this work, we propose a novel multiplex cellular community-based algorithm for tissue phenotyping integrating cell-level features within a graph-based hierarchical framework.

Interactive effects of large- and local-scale environmental gradients on phenotypic differentiation.

Intraspecific differentiation across a steep environmental gradient depends on the relative influences of evolutionary, organismal, and environmental processes. But steep environmental gradients may be nested within larger-scale, regional conditions that could influence these processes at the local scale. Therefore, we hypothesized that phenotypic differentiation along a steep environmental gradient would vary among regions.

Cellular community detection for tissue phenotyping in colorectal cancer histology images.

Classification of various types of tissue in cancer histology images based on the cellular compositions is an important step towards the development of computational pathology tools for systematic digital profiling of the spatial tumor microenvironment. Most existing methods for tissue phenotyping are limited to the classification of tumor and stroma and require large amount of annotated histology images which are often not available. In the current work, we pose the problem of identifying distinct tissue phenotypes as finding communities in cellular graphs or networks.

Nitrate uptake varies with tide height and nutrient availability in the intertidal seaweed Fucus vesiculosus.

Intertidal seaweeds must cope with a suite of stressors imposed by aerial exposure at low tide, including nutrient limitation due to emersion. Seaweeds can access nutrients only when submerged, so individuals living higher compared to lower on the shore may have adaptations allowing them to acquire sufficient amounts of nutrients to survive and maintain growth. Using a combination of observations and experiments, we aimed to identify intraspecific variation in nitrate uptake rates across the intertidal distribution of F.

Long-term declines in an intertidal foundation species parallel shifts in community composition.

The earth is in the midst of a biodiversity crisis, and projections indicate continuing and accelerating rates of global changes. Future alterations in communities and ecosystems may be precipitated by changes in the abundance of strongly interacting species, whose disappearance can lead to profound changes in abundance of other species, including an increase in extinction rate for some. Nearshore coastal communities are often dependent on the habitat and food resources provided by foundational plant (e.

Kelp canopy facilitates understory algal assemblage via competitive release during early stages of secondary succession.

Kelps are conspicuous foundation species in marine ecosystems that alter the composition of understory algal assemblages. While this may be due to changes in the competitive interactions between algal species, how kelp canopies mediate propagule supply and establishment success of understory algae is not well known. In Southern California, USA, Eisenia arborea forms dense kelp canopies in shallow subtidal environments and is associated with an understory dominated by red algal species.

On the use of experimental diets for physiological studies of hydrozoans.

Recent studies of hydrozoans suggest that metabolic factors associated with the physiology of gastrovascular fluid transport play a role in regulating morphogenetic development of colonies. In that context, the objective of this study was to develop a system to experimentally control diets of hydrozoans in culture that could be used to test effects of specific compounds. This diet delivery system consisted of a known concentration of homogenate of brine shrimp nauplii that was solidified in a 1% agar block cut to the size of, and containing the equivalent of, a single, 2-day old brine shrimp nauplius larva.

Sedimentation, Péclet number, and hydrodynamic screening.

The sedimentation of hard spheres in a Newtonian solvent is studied as a function of Péclet number in the low-concentration limit. Two functional forms for the sedimentation velocity as a function of particle concentration are realized in the limit of high and low Péclet numbers. We argue that a more ordered phase occurs for large Péclet numbers.

The Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Health-Related Quality of Life Questionnaire (PCOSQ): a validation.

Background: We wished to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Questionnaire (PCOSQ), a questionnaire developed to measure the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of women with polycystic ovary syndrome.

Method: To assess reliability and validity, women recruited from an outpatient gynaecology clinic at the Jessop Wing, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield completed two copies of the PCOSQ and the Short Form-36 (SF-36). Secondary factor analysis was carried out to verify the composition of the dimensions.

[Breast feeding support, incidence of breastfeeding and duration of breast feeding in a Vienna perinatal center].

Aims: Evaluation of factors influencing the incidence and duration of breastfeeding.

Methods: In a retrospective study we sent a questionnaire to the parents of 1518 infants born consecutively in the Center of Perinatology at the Danube Hospital, Vienna, during a 10 months period. The questionnaire consisted of items addressing duration of breastfeeding, time of initiation of formula supplement, support in breastfeeding and the time mothers were provided with information on breastfeeding.

Cardiovascular load of competitive golf in cardiac patients and healthy controls.

Purpose: Sports in cardiovascular patients (CVP) should serve for risk factor management, increase of exercise capacity, and reintegration into daily life. Competition of cardiac patients with healthy sportsmen is often discouraged and thus reintegration hampered. Golf, with its endurance component and exceptional rules (e.

Analysis of genetically modified plant gene expression using GUS fluorimetry.

A fluorimetric assay method for the analysis of beta-glucuronidase (GUS) reporter gene expression in genetically modified plants is described. Optimization of this method for woody plants and a statistical approach suitable for comparisons of gene expression in different transformants or tissues of the same plant is described. Example data from elm (Ulmus procera) SR4 regenerant plants, shown to be genetically modified by PCR and DNA-DNA hybridizations, in which higher GUS expression levels are found in stems than in leaves demonstrates the utility of this approach.

[Initial experiences with ambulatory irrigation hysteroscopy].

During one year, 120 patients were referred for outpatient diagnostic hysteroscopy. The most common indications were abnormal uterine bleeding (67%), followed by sterility and infertility, respectively (18%). The uterine cavity was visualised in 103 patients, and about half of the patients (50.

The effect of Ca-formaldehyde fixation on the activity of the reporter enzyme beta-glucuronidase (GUS) in transgenic tobacco.

The inhibition of beta-glucuronidase (GUS) activity by Ca-formaldehyde fixation was investigated in leaves of transgenic tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) expressing the beta-glucuronidase uidA reporter gene from Escherichia coli. One-hour fixation of a free-floating leaf disc in a cold fixative decreased the activity of GUS by 60% as compared with the untreated control disc kept in a moist chamber.