Safety, Sequelae, and Efficacy of Nerve Root Clipping in Patients With Spontaneous Spinal Cerebrospinal Fluid Leaks.

Background And Objectives: Spinal cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leaks may cause a myriad of clinical symptoms, the most common being orthostatic headache. Lateral leaks (Type II) and direct CSF-venous fistulas (Type III) are a subgroup of spinal CSF leaks, representing about 1/3 of spinal CSF leaks. This study aimed to analyze the risk and efficacy of nerve root clipping in patients with Type II and Type III CSF leaks.

Surgical closure of spinal cerebrospinal fluid leaks improves symptoms in patients with superficial siderosis.

Background And Purpose: Spinal cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leaks may cause a myriad of symptoms, most common being orthostatic headache. In addition, ventral spinal CSF leaks are a possible etiology of superficial siderosis (SS), a rare condition characterized by hemosiderin deposits in the central nervous system (CNS). The classical presentation of SS involves ataxia, bilateral hearing loss, and myelopathy.

Targeting Stat3 signaling impairs the progression of bladder cancer in a mouse model.

Bladder cancer is the fourth most commonly diagnosed malignancy in men worldwide and has one of the highest recurrence rates of all cancers. This cancer type is unique because chronic inflammation caused by Schistosoma haematobium can cause bladder cancer, while inflammation induced by Bacillus Calmette Guerin is the therapeutic cornerstone for this cancer type. Activation of proinflammatory IL-6/Stat3 axis promotes the development of different cancers by acting on cancer cells as well as by modulating cancer microenvironment.

The dynamics of the inflammatory response during BBN-induced bladder carcinogenesis in mice.

Background: Bladder cancer (BC) is the most common malignant disease of the urinary tract. Recurrent high grade non muscle invasive BC carries a serious risk for progression and subsequent metastases. The most common preclinical mouse model for bladder cancer relies on administration of N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl) nitrosamine (BBN) to mice.