A genetic component in Chiari I malformation: Chiari 1 malformation in all five family members.

Under certain classifications, a Chiari type I (CMI) malformation can be characterized as a herniation of the cerebellar tonsils greater than 3 mm. Patients with CMI often have a smaller posterior fossa volume, which results in a smaller amount of space for the cerebellum, leading to the herniation of the cerebellar tonsils through the foramen magnum. Although inheritable factors such as posterior fossa volume can be traced to specific genes, there has not been a gene that can be attributed to directly causing CMI.

An Excellent Functional Recovery Following Grade IV Subarachnoid Hemorrhage From a Cerebral Aneurysm Rebleed With Ultra-Early Surgical Intervention: A Case Report.

Aneurysms are focal abnormal dilations of the arterial wall occurring frequently at branching points along the arteries of the base of the brain. Aneurysmal rupture is one of the possible aneurysm complications and can cause aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhages (aSAH). Treatment of aSAH consists of pharmacologic, surgical, or endovascular approaches.

Seizure caused by intraparenchymal hemorrhage from migration of mandibular dental wire through foramen ovale in a child: A case report.

The foramen ovale is a structure that allows for the extracranial passage of multiple significant intracranial structures, most notably the mandibular branch of the trigeminal nerve (CN V). Here we report the case of a 12-year-old male who presented to the emergency department (ED) with a two-day history of nausea and emesis and a one-day history of altered mental status. Prior to presentation, he started speaking only Spanish, which was unusual because he primarily speaks English.

Ectopic craniopharyngioma of the orbit: illustrative case.

Background: Craniopharyngiomas are uncommon malformations of the sellar or parasellar region that are partly cystic and calcified and have low histological grade. The typical age of presentation is bimodal, with peak incidence rates in children at age 5 to 14 years and in adults at age 50 to 74 years. The usual clinical manifestations are related to endocrine deficiencies due to mass effect along with visual impairment and increased intracranial pressure.

Safest Time to Resume Oral Anticoagulation in Patients with Traumatic Brain Injury.

Objective:  There is no standard protocol to guide the optimal time to resume anti-clotting agents after traumatic brain injury (TBI) in patients with a continued indication for anticoagulation/antiplatelet therapy (AAT). This study develops baseline data supporting a future prospective cohort study. We predict that there will be significantly decreased adverse events when AAT is started on or after Day 7.

Technical Report of Successful Deployment of Tandem Visual Tracking During Live Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy Between Novice and Expert Surgeon.

With the recent advances in eye tracking technology, it is now possible to track surgeons' eye movements while engaged in a surgical task or when surgical residents practice their surgical skills. Several studies have compared eye movements of surgical experts and novices and developed techniques to assess surgical skill on the basis of eye movement utilizing simulators and live surgery. None have evaluated simultaneous visual tracking between an expert and a novice during live surgery.

Classification of symptomatic Chiari I malformation to guide surgical strategy.

Background: Treatment options for Chiari I malformations include posterior fossa decompression (PFD) with additional techniques including laminectomy, intradural exploration, and duraplasty. Neuroimaging findings of cisterna magna volume, syringomyelia, and intraoperative ultrasonography may tailor surgical intervention.

Methods: We developed an algorithm classifying symptomatic Chiari I patients into three groups to define minimum operation.