Pathogenic Autoimmunity in Atherosclerosis Evolves From Initially Protective Apolipoprotein B-Reactive CD4 T-Regulatory Cells.

Background: Throughout the inflammatory response that accompanies atherosclerosis, autoreactive CD4 T-helper cells accumulate in the atherosclerotic plaque. Apolipoprotein B (apoB), the core protein of low-density lipoprotein, is an autoantigen that drives the generation of pathogenic T-helper type 1 (T1) cells with proinflammatory cytokine secretion. Clinical data suggest the existence of apoB-specific CD4 T cells with an atheroprotective, regulatory T cell (T) phenotype in healthy individuals.

Cytomegalovirus-Specific CD4 T Cells Are Cytolytic and Mediate Vaccine Protection.

Unlabelled: CD4 T cells provide protection against cytomegalovirus (CMV) and other persistent viruses, and the ability to quantify and characterize epitope-specific responses is essential to gain a more precise understanding of their effector roles in this regard. Here, we report the first two I-A(d)-restricted CD4 T cell responses specific for mouse CMV (MCMV) epitopes and use a major histocompatibility complex class II (MHC-II) tetramer to characterize their phenotypes and functions. We demonstrate that MCMV-specific CD4 T cells can express high levels of granzyme B and kill target cells in an epitope- and organ-specific manner.

Search for lepton flavour violation in the continuum with the ATLAS detector in [Formula: see text] collisions at the LHC.

This paper presents a search for the -channel exchange of an -parity violating scalar top quark ([Formula: see text]) in the continuum using 2.1 fb of data collected by the ATLAS detector in [Formula: see text] collisions at the Large Hadron Collider. Data are found to be consistent with the expectation from the Standard Model backgrounds.

Measurement of the W+ W- cross section in sqrt(s) = 7 TeV pp collisions with ATLAS.

This Letter presents a measurement of the W+ W- production cross section in sqrt(s) = 7  TeV pp collisions by the ATLAS experiment, using 34  pb(-1) of integrated luminosity produced by the Large Hadron Collider at CERN. Selecting events with two isolated leptons, each either an electron or a muon, 8 candidate events are observed with an expected background of 1.7 ± 0.

Search for a heavy particle decaying into an electron and a muon with the ATLAS detector in sqrt[s] = 7 TeV pp collisions at the LHC.

This Letter presents the first search for a heavy particle decaying into an e ± μ(-/+) final state in sqrt[s] = 7 TeV pp collisions at the LHC. The data were recorded by the ATLAS detector during 2010 and correspond to a total integrated luminosity of 35 pb(-1). No excess above the standard model background expectation is observed.

Measurement of dijet azimuthal decorrelations in pp collisions at sqrt(s)=7 TeV.

Azimuthal decorrelations between the two central jets with the largest transverse momenta are sensitive to the dynamics of events with multiple jets. We present a measurement of the normalized differential cross section based on the full data set (∫Ldt=36  pb(-1)) acquired by the ATLAS detector during the 2010 sqrt(s)=7  TeV proton-proton run of the LHC. The measured distributions include jets with transverse momenta up to 1.

Search for supersymmetry using final states with one lepton, jets, and missing transverse momentum with the ATLAS detector in √s=7 TeV pp collisions.

This Letter presents the first search for supersymmetry in final states containing one isolated electron or muon, jets, and missing transverse momentum from √s=7  TeV proton-proton collisions at the LHC. The data were recorded by the ATLAS experiment during 2010 and correspond to a total integrated luminosity of 35  pb(-1). No excess above the standard model background expectation is observed.

Search for diphoton events with large missing transverse energy in 7 TeV proton-proton collisions with the ATLAS detector.

A search for diphoton events with large missing transverse energy is presented. The data were collected with the ATLAS detector in proton-proton collisions at √s=7 TeV at the CERN Large Hadron Collider and correspond to an integrated luminosity of 3.1 pb⁻¹.

Observation of a centrality-dependent dijet asymmetry in lead-lead collisions at sqrt[S(NN)] =2.76 TeV with the ATLAS detector at the LHC.

By using the ATLAS detector, observations have been made of a centrality-dependent dijet asymmetry in the collisions of lead ions at the Large Hadron Collider. In a sample of lead-lead events with a per-nucleon center of mass energy of 2.76 TeV, selected with a minimum bias trigger, jets are reconstructed in fine-grained, longitudinally segmented electromagnetic and hadronic calorimeters.

Search for new particles in two-jet final states in 7 TeV proton-proton collisions with the ATLAS detector at the LHC.

A search for new heavy particles manifested as resonances in two-jet final states is presented. The data were produced in 7 TeV proton-proton collisions by the LHC and correspond to an integrated luminosity of 315  nb⁻¹ collected by the ATLAS detector. No resonances were observed.

Cutting edge: murine cytomegalovirus induces a polyfunctional CD4 T cell response.

CD4 T lymphocytes regulate the adaptive immune response to most viruses, both by providing help to CD8 T cells and B cells as well as through direct antiviral activity. Currently, no mouse cytomegalovirus (MCMV)-specific CD4 T cell responses are known. In this study, we identify and characterize 15 I-A(b)-restricted CD4 T cell responses specific for MCMV epitopes.

Transient hypoxia and downregulation of circulating prohepcidin concentrations in healthy young men.

To determine the impact of acute hypoxia on prohepcidin concentrations in humans, we measured concentrations of this peptide in serum collected during and after a transient period (30 min) of hypoxia and during normoxia. Prohepcidin concentrations were significantly lower 150 min after the end of hypoxia than after normoxia (p=0.028).

Modulation of food intake by glucose in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Objective: A gain in body weight is a common adverse effect of glucose-lowering therapies in patients with type 2 diabetes, the mechanisms of which are not completely understood. Blood glucose is considered to play a crucial role in the regulation of food intake. On this background, we hypothesized that a short-term reduction of blood glucose concentration to normal values acutely increases food intake in type 2 diabetic patients.

Continuous measurement of energy expenditure in ventilated burn patients: an analysis.

Objective: To predict the daily total energy expenditure of ventilated burn patients, this study was designed to determine the contribution of different activities on energy expenditure over a 24-hr period.

Design: Cohort study.

Setting: Burn unit of an adult hospital.

Validation of a new formula for calculating the energy requirements of burn patients.

In a previous study, we analyzed the roles of the estimated basal energy expenditure (EBEE) calculated by the Harris-Benedict equation, caloric intake (CI), total burn surface area (TBSA), body temperature (Temp) and number of post-burn days (PBD) in order to estimate the resting energy expenditure (EE) of burn patients. By multiple regression analysis we found that the measured EE (MEE) is best approximated by the following formula: -4343 + (10.5 x %TBSA) + (0.

Factors influencing energy expenditure in patients with burns.

Twenty-three consecutive patients with a mean burn size of 39% of total body surface area (%TBSA) were studied prospectively. Expected basal energy expenditure (EBEE) calculated by the Harris-Benedict formula, initial and twice weekly measurements of energy expenditure (MEE) by indirect calorimetry, and simultaneous estimation of nutrient intake were obtained. In the whole cohort the EBEE was 1,715 +/- 24 kcal/day and the MEE was 2,218 +/- 59 kcal/day.