Identification of metabolic and protein markers representative of the impact of mild nitrogen deficit on agronomic performance of maize hybrids.

Introduction: A better understanding of the physiological response of silage maize to a mild reduction in nitrogen (N) fertilization and the identification of predictive biochemical markers of N utilization efficiency could contribute to limit the detrimental effect of the overuse of N inputs.

Objectives: We integrated phenotypic and biochemical data to interpret the physiology of maize in response to a mild reduction in N fertilization under agronomic conditions and identify predictive leaf metabolic and proteic markers that could be used to pilot and rationalize N fertilization.

Methods: Eco-physiological, developmental and yield-related traits were measured and complemented with metabolomic and proteomic approaches performed on young leaves of a core panel of 29 European genetically diverse dent hybrids cultivated in the field under non-limiting and reduced N fertilization conditions.

Comprehensive Molecular Characterization of a Large Series of Calcified Chondroid Mesenchymal Neoplasms Widening Their Morphologic Spectrum.

Recently, FN1 fusions to receptor tyrosine kinase genes have been identified in soft tissue tumors with calcified chondroid matrix named calcifying chondroid mesenchymal neoplasms (CCMNs). We collected 33 cases of CCMN from the French network for soft tissue and bone tumors. We performed whole-exome RNA sequencing, expression analysis, and genome-wide DNA methylation profiling in 33, 30, and 20 cases of CCMN compared with a control group of tumors, including noncalcified tenosynovial giant cell tumor (TGCT).

Clock gene homologs lin-42 and kin-20 regulate circadian rhythms in C. elegans.

Circadian rhythms are endogenous oscillations in nearly all organisms, from prokaryotes to humans, allowing them to adapt to cyclical environments for close to 24 h. Circadian rhythms are regulated by a central clock, based on a transcription-translation feedback loop. One important protein in the central loop in metazoan clocks is PERIOD, which is regulated in part by Casein kinase 1ε/δ (CK1ε/δ) phosphorylation.

SAX-7/L1CAM acts with the adherens junction proteins MAGI-1, HMR-1/Cadherin, and AFD-1/Afadin to promote glial-mediated dendrite extension.

Adherens junctions (AJs) are a fundamental organizing structure for multicellular life. Although AJs are studied mainly in epithelia, their core function - stabilizing cell contacts by coupling adhesion molecules to the cytoskeleton - is important in diverse tissues. We find that two sensory neurons, URX and BAG, require conserved AJ proteins for dendrite morphogenesis.

Regulation of the circadian clock in by clock gene homologs and .

Circadian rhythms are endogenous oscillations present in nearly all organisms from prokaryotes to humans, allowing them to adapt to cyclical environments close to 24 hours. Circadian rhythms are regulated by a central clock, which is based on a transcription-translation feedback loop. One important protein in the central loop in metazoan clocks is PERIOD, which is regulated in part by Casein kinase 1 (CK1 ) phosphorylation.

The homeodomain transcriptional regulator DVE-1 directs a program for synapse elimination during circuit remodeling.

The elimination of synapses during circuit remodeling is critical for brain maturation; however, the molecular mechanisms directing synapse elimination and its timing remain elusive. We show that the transcriptional regulator DVE-1, which shares homology with special AT-rich sequence-binding (SATB) family members previously implicated in human neurodevelopmental disorders, directs the elimination of juvenile synaptic inputs onto remodeling C. elegans GABAergic neurons.

Multi-omics quantitative data of tomato fruit unveils regulation modes of least variable metabolites.

Background: The composition of ripe fruits depends on various metabolites which content evolves greatly throughout fruit development and may be influenced by the environment. The corresponding metabolism regulations have been widely described in tomato during fruit growth and ripening. However, the regulation of other metabolites that do not show large changes in content have scarcely been studied.

as a Promising Model Organism in Chronobiology.

Circadian rhythms represent an adaptive feature, ubiquitously found in nature, which grants living beings the ability to anticipate daily variations in their environment. They have been found in a multitude of organisms, ranging from bacteria to fungi, plants, and animals. Circadian rhythms are generated by endogenous clocks that can be entrained daily by environmental cycles such as light and temperature.

Efficacy and Safety of Transcranial Electric Stimulation during the Perinatal Period: A Systematic Literature Review and Three Case Reports.

: The perinatal period is an at-risk period for the emergence or decompensation of psychiatric disorders. Transcranial electrical stimulation (tES) is an effective and safe treatment for many psychiatric disorders. Given the reluctance to use pharmacological treatments during pregnancy or breastfeeding, tES may be an interesting treatment to consider.

Dexmedetomidine sedation vs. inhaled general anesthesia for pediatric MRI: A retrospective cohort study: Dexmedetomidine sedation vs. inhaled general anesthesia for MRI.

Objectives: The objective of this study was to evaluate the feasibility and the efficacy of a dexmedetomidine-based protocol followed by anesthesiologists unaccustomed to using dexmedetomidine during pediatric magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examinations compared to conventional halogenated general anesthesia.

Methods: This was a single-center retrospective cohort study including patients younger than 18 years who underwent sedation for MRI between August 1, 2018 and March 31, 2019. Patients who received dexmedetomidine were included in the DEX group and patients who had general anesthesia formed the GA group.

Abdominopelvic CT-scan in emergency departments for patients with suspected complications of Crohn's disease: a single tertiary center experience.

Background: Crohn's disease (CD) is a chronic disorder with frequent complications. The objective of this study was to assess the predictive factors of finding a complication of CD using abdominopelvic CT-scan in patients with a visit to the emergency department.

Methods: Patients with at least one visit to the gastroenterology department of our University hospital during the year with a CD were retrospectively included.

Neuronal postdevelopmentally acting SAX-7S/L1CAM can function as cleaved fragments to maintain neuronal architecture in Caenorhabditis elegans.

Whereas remarkable advances have uncovered mechanisms that drive nervous system assembly, the processes responsible for the lifelong maintenance of nervous system architecture remain poorly understood. Subsequent to its establishment during embryogenesis, neuronal architecture is maintained throughout life in the face of the animal's growth, maturation processes, the addition of new neurons, body movements, and aging. The Caenorhabditis elegans protein SAX-7, homologous to the vertebrate L1 protein family of neural adhesion molecules, is required for maintaining the organization of neuronal ganglia and fascicles after their successful initial embryonic development.

Overexpression of thioredoxin m in chloroplasts alters carbon and nitrogen partitioning in tobacco.

In plants, there is a complex interaction between carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) metabolism, and its coordination is fundamental for plant growth and development. Here, we studied the influence of thioredoxin (Trx) m on C and N partitioning using tobacco plants overexpressing Trx m from the chloroplast genome. The transgenic plants showed altered metabolism of C (lower leaf starch and soluble sugar accumulation) and N (with higher amounts of amino acids and soluble protein), which pointed to an activation of N metabolism at the expense of carbohydrates.

Maize metabolome and proteome responses to controlled cold stress partly mimic early-sowing effects in the field and differ from those of Arabidopsis.

In Northern Europe, sowing maize one-month earlier than current agricultural practices may lead to moderate chilling damage. However, studies of the metabolic responses to low, non-freezing, temperatures remain scarce. Here, genetically-diverse maize hybrids (Zea mays, dent inbred lines crossed with a flint inbred line) were cultivated in a growth chamber at optimal temperature and then three decreasing temperatures for 2 days each, as well as in the field.

Fruit setting rewires central metabolism via gibberellin cascades.

Fruit set is the process whereby ovaries develop into fruits after pollination and fertilization. The process is induced by the phytohormone gibberellin (GA) in tomatoes, as determined by the constitutive GA response mutant However, the role of GA on the metabolic behavior in fruit-setting ovaries remains largely unknown. This study explored the biochemical mechanisms of fruit set using a network analysis of integrated transcriptome, proteome, metabolome, and enzyme activity data.

Omics Data Reveal Putative Regulators of Einkorn Grain Protein Composition under Sulfur Deficiency.

Understanding the molecular mechanisms controlling the accumulation of grain storage proteins in response to nitrogen (N) and sulfur (S) nutrition is essential to improve cereal grain nutritional and functional properties. Here, we studied the grain transcriptome and metabolome responses to postanthesis N and S supply for the diploid wheat einkorn (). During grain filling, 848 transcripts and 24 metabolites were differentially accumulated in response to N and S availability.

Transcriptomic and proteomic data in developing tomato fruit.

Transcriptomic and proteomic analyses were performed on three replicates of tomato fruit pericarp samples collected at nine developmental stages, each replicate resulting from the pooling of at least 15 fruits. For transcriptome analysis, Illumina-sequenced libraries were mapped on the tomato genome with the aim to obtain absolute quantification of mRNA abundance. To achieve this, spikes were added at the beginning of the RNA extraction procedure.

Integrins Have Cell-Type-Specific Roles in the Development of Motor Neuron Connectivity.

Formation of the nervous system requires a complex series of events including proper extension and guidance of neuronal axons and dendrites. Here we investigate the requirement for integrins, a class of transmembrane cell adhesion receptors, in regulating these processes across classes of motor neurons. We show α integrin/ is expressed by both GABAergic and cholinergic motor neurons.

Modeling Protein Destiny in Developing Fruit.

Protein synthesis and degradation are essential processes that regulate cell status. Because labeling in bulky organs, such as fruits, is difficult, we developed a modeling approach to study protein turnover at the global scale in developing tomato () fruit. Quantitative data were collected for transcripts and proteins during fruit development.

Identification and functional study of a mild allele of SlDELLA gene conferring the potential for improved yield in tomato.

Parthenocarpy, or pollination-independent fruit set, is an attractive trait for fruit production and can be induced by increased responses to the phytohormone gibberellin (GA), which regulates diverse aspects of plant development. GA signaling in plants is negatively regulated by DELLA proteins. A loss-of-function mutant of tomato DELLA (SlDELLA), procera (pro) thus exhibits enhanced GA-response phenotypes including parthenocarpy, although the pro mutation also confers some disadvantages for practical breeding.

Generation of Mycoplasma hominis gene-targeted mutants by targeting-induced local lesions in genomes (TILLING).

Background: Mycoplasma hominis is a human urogenital pathogen involved in gynaecological, neonatal and extra-genital infections. However, no versatile genetic tools are currently available to study the pathogenicity of this bacterium. Targeting-Induced Local Lesions IN Genomes (TILLING) is a reverse-genetic method that combines point mutations induced by chemical mutagenesis with a DNA screening technique.

Bryophyte gas-exchange dynamics along varying hydration status reveal a significant carbonyl sulphide (COS) sink in the dark and COS source in the light.

Carbonyl sulphide (COS) is a potential tracer of gross primary productivity (GPP), assuming a unidirectional COS flux into the vegetation that scales with GPP. However, carbonic anhydrase (CA), the enzyme that hydrolyses COS, is expected to be light independent, and thus plants without stomata should continue to take up COS in the dark. We measured net CO (A ) and COS (A ) uptake rates from two astomatous bryophytes at different relative water contents (RWCs), COS concentrations, temperatures and light intensities.

Functional Requirements for Heparan Sulfate Biosynthesis in Morphogenesis and Nervous System Development in C. elegans.

The regulation of cell migration is essential to animal development and physiology. Heparan sulfate proteoglycans shape the interactions of morphogens and guidance cues with their respective receptors to elicit appropriate cellular responses. Heparan sulfate proteoglycans consist of a protein core with attached heparan sulfate glycosaminoglycan chains, which are synthesized by glycosyltransferases of the exostosin (EXT) family.

Respiration climacteric in tomato fruits elucidated by constraint-based modelling.

Tomato is a model organism to study the development of fleshy fruit including ripening initiation. Unfortunately, few studies deal with the brief phase of accelerated ripening associated with the respiration climacteric because of practical problems involved in measuring fruit respiration. Because constraint-based modelling allows predicting accurate metabolic fluxes, we investigated the respiration and energy dissipation of fruit pericarp at the breaker stage using a detailed stoichiometric model of the respiratory pathway, including alternative oxidase and uncoupling proteins.