Enzymatic synthesis of esculin ester in ionic liquids buffered with organic solvents.

The enzymatic esterification of esculin catalyzed by Candida antarctica lipase B (Novozym 435) was carried out in ionic liquid (IL)-organic solvent mixed systems in comparison with individual systems. The reaction behaviors in IL-organic solvents were systemically evaluated using acetone as a model solvent. With organic solvents as media, the esterification rates of esculin depended mainly on its solubility in solvents; for the reactions in ILs, the reaction rates were generally low, and the anion part of the IL played a critical role in enzyme activity.

Preparation of CLA ascorbyl ester with improved volumetric productivity by an ionic liquid-based reaction system.

A new approach to the enzymatic production of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) ascorbyl ester with a remarkably high volumetric productivity (120-200 g L(-1)) has been developed, in which strong solvation by tOMA.TFA (methyltrioctylammonium trifluoroacetate) enables a high concentration of ascorbic acid to be applied, and in which t-butanol enhances conversion by changing the equilibrium constant of the activity coefficients. This work has experimentally demonstrated the practicability of achieving efficient reactions of polar compounds at high concentrations in ionic liquids without significant loss of enzyme activity.

High-performance liquid chromatography analysis methods developed for quantifying enzymatic esterification of flavonoids in ionic liquids.

Methods using reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) with ELSD were investigated to quantify enzymatic reactions of flavonoids with fatty acids in the presence of diverse room temperature ionic liquids (RTILs). A buffered salt (preferably triethylamine-acetate) was found essential for separation of flavonoids from strongly polar RTILs, whereby RTILs were generally visible as two major peaks identified based on an ion-pairing/exchanging hypothesis. C8 and C12 stationary phases were optimal while mobile phase pH (3-7) had only a minor influence on separation.

Using biorelevant dissolution to obtain IVIVC of solid dosage forms containing a poorly-soluble model compound.

The usefulness of selected biorelevant dissolution media (BDM) to predict in vivo drug absorption was studied. Dissolution profiles of solid formulations of a poorly soluble model compound were compared in BDM simulating fasted and two levels of fed state. A non-physiologically relevant medium containing the cationic surfactant, cetrimide, was also investigated.

Lipase-catalyzed biosynthesis of cinnamoylated lipids in a selected organic solvent medium.

Biosynthesis of cinnamoylated lipids through the lipase-catalyzed transesterification reaction of cinnamic acid with triolein was investigated in organic solvent media. Electrospray ionization-mass spectroscopy (ESI-MS) structural analysis of the reaction mixture revealed the formation of two major end products, monoleyl-1(3)-cinnamate and dioleyl-2-cinnamate. Decreasing the molar ratio of cinnamic acid to triolein from 1:1 to 1:4.