Evaluation of Surface Roughness and Microhardness of Bulk-fill and Nanohybrid Composite after Exposure to Different Beverages at Various Time Intervals - An In vitro Study.

Aim: The aim of the study was to compare the surface roughness and microhardness of bulk-fill composite and nanohybrid composite resin after exposure to three different beverages at different time intervals.

Methodology: In this study, 60 composite discs each for bulk fill and nanohybrid, of dimensions 10 mm × 2 mm were made. Both composites were randomly divided into four subgroups, i.

Human mobility and poverty as key drivers of COVID-19 transmission and control.

Background: Applying heavy nationwide restrictions is a powerful method to curtail COVID-19 transmission but poses a significant humanitarian and economic crisis. Thus, it is essential to improve our understanding of COVID-19 transmission, and develop more focused and effective strategies. As human mobility drives transmission, data from cellphone devices can be utilized to achieve these goals.

Effect of changes in load carriage while walking on the left ventricular function in highly trained elderly subjects.

Background: In previous studies, the effect of isometric stress on the dynamic performance of a graded exercise test in normal subjects augmented afterload and brought about changes in left ventricular function more often than did results from physical exercise.

Objective: This study used the metabolic charts and echocardiography to examine the influence of two different types of load carriage during 30 min of treadmill walking on left ventricular function, hemodynamics, and cardiovascular responses.

Methods: Fifteen elderly (age 66.

Effects of gradient and load carried on human haemodynamic responses during treadmill walking.

This study examined the effects of different loads carried and gradients, on haemodynamic and cardiovascular responses during 45 min of treadmill walking. A group of 20 male endurance-trained athletes [mean maximal oxygen uptake 61.4 (SD 4) ml x kg(-1) x min(-1)] volunteered for this study.

Effects of chronic overload training and aging on left ventricular systolic function.

To examine the effects of age and chronic overload training on left ventricular systolic function during static exercise, Doppler echocardiography studies were performed in 14 young (28 +/- 6 years) and 10 older (51 +/- 3 years) weight lifters and also in 14 young (29 +/- 6 years) and 10 older (52 +/- 1.1 years) normal individuals during upright dead-lift isometric exercise, at 30% of maximal voluntary contraction for 3 min. At rest, older weight lifters demonstrated impaired left ventricular systolic function as compared with the other three groups.

The role of the knee brace in the prevention of anterior knee pain syndrome.

Our prospective study evaluates the use of a knee brace with a silicon patellar support ring as a method of preventing anterior knee pain from developing in young persons undergoing strenuous physical exercise. We studied 60 young athletes, who qualified for a strenuous physical training course and who had not suffered from anterior knee pain previously. Twenty-seven subjects were in the brace group and 33 were in the nonbrace control group.

Influence of the time of day on physical performance in patients with coronary artery disease.

The exercise training workload for cardiac patients is determined from the peak heart rate achieved safely during a stress test. Circadian rhythms may play a key role in changing physiological responses to the stress test. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of the time of day on cardiopulmonary and metabolic responses in highly trained men with coronary artery disease.