Fabrication of a protein microarray by fluorous-fluorous interactions.

Fluorous-modified surfaces have emerged as a powerful tool for the immobilization of fluorous-tagged biomolecules based on their specificity and the strength of fluorous-fluorous interactions. To fabricate a fluorous-based protein microarray, we designed two strategies for site-specific modification of proteins with a fluorous tag: attaching the fluorous tag to the C-termini of expressed proteins by native chemical ligation (NCL) or to the Fc domain of antibodies through boronic acid (BA)-diol interactions. The perfluoro-tagged proteins could be easily purified by fluorous-functionalized magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) and immobilized on a fluorous chip with minimal non-specific adsorption.

Synthesis of an S-Linked α(2→8) GD3 Antigen and Evaluation of the Immunogenicity of Its Glycoconjugate.

Replacing the interglycosidic oxygen atom of oligosaccharides with a nonhydrolyzable sulfur atom has attracted significant interest because it provides opportunities for developing new glycoconjugate vaccines. Herein, a stereocontrolled and highly convergent method to synthesize a non-reducing-end inter-S-glycosidic variant of the GD3 antigen (S-linked α(2→8) GD3) that is resistant to enzymatic hydrolysis is reported. The key steps in the synthesis are a regio- and stereoselective α(2→3) sialylation of a lactoside acceptor with a C8-iodide-derivatized sialyl donor and an anomeric S-alkylation, which enable stereoselective construction of a terminal S-linked α(2→8) disialyl residue.

Fabrication of Carbohydrate Microarrays by Boronate Formation.

The interactions between soluble carbohydrates and/or surface displayed glycans and protein receptors are essential to many biological processes and cellular recognition events. Carbohydrate microarrays provide opportunities for high-throughput quantitative analysis of carbohydrate-protein interactions. Over the past decade, various techniques have been implemented for immobilizing glycans on solid surfaces in a microarray format.

Advances in multifunctional glycosylated nanomaterials: preparation and applications in glycoscience.

Applications of glycosylated nanomaterials have gained considerable attention in recent years due to their unique structural properties and compatibility in biological systems. In this review, glyco-nanoparticles (glyco-NPs) are defined as compounds that contain a nano-sized metallic core, are composed of noble metals, magnetic elements, or binary inorganic nanoparticles, and that exhibit carbohydrate ligands on the surface in three dimensional polyvalent displays similar to the glycocalyx structures on cell membranes. Nanomaterials decorated with suitable biological recognition ligands have yielded novel hybrid nanobiomaterials with synergistic functions, especially in biomedical applications.

Fabrication of antibody microarrays by light-induced covalent and oriented immobilization.

Antibody microarrays have important applications for the sensitive detection of biologically important target molecules and as biosensors for clinical applications. Microarrays produced by oriented immobilization of antibodies generally have higher antigen-binding capacities than those in which antibodies are immobilized with random orientations. Here, we present a UV photo-cross-linking approach that utilizes boronic acid to achieve oriented immobilization of an antibody on a surface while retaining the antigen-binding activity of the immobilized antibody.