Assessing antimicrobial resistance profiles of in the pork production system.

is a significant enteric pathogen affecting human and livestock health. Pork production is a common source of contamination, with emerging multidrug resistance (MDR) posing a global health threat. contamination and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) profiles in the pig production chain are underreported.

Machine learning to attribute the source of Campylobacter infections in the United States: A retrospective analysis of national surveillance data.

Objectives: Integrating pathogen genomic surveillance with bioinformatics can enhance public health responses by identifying risk and guiding interventions. This study focusses on the two predominant Campylobacter species, which are commonly found in the gut of birds and mammals and often infect humans via contaminated food. Rising incidence and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) are a global concern, and there is an urgent need to quantify the main routes to human infection.

Global Variation in Genes and Plasmids from Animal and Human Genomes Following Colistin Usage Restrictions in Livestock.

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a significant global health threat, with multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacterial clones becoming a major concern. Polymyxins, especially colistin, have reemerged as last-resort treatments for MDR Gram-negative infections. However, colistin use in livestock has spread mobile colistin resistance () genes, notably , impacting human health.

Proximity to humans is associated with antimicrobial-resistant enteric pathogens in wild bird microbiomes.

Humans are radically altering global ecology, and one of the most apparent human-induced effects is urbanization, where high-density human habitats disrupt long-established ecotones. Changes to these transitional areas between organisms, especially enhanced contact among humans and wild animals, provide new opportunities for the spread of zoonotic pathogens. This poses a serious threat to global public health, but little is known about how habitat disruption impacts cross-species pathogen spread.

Genomic tailoring of autogenous poultry vaccines to reduce Campylobacter from farm to fork.

Campylobacter is a leading cause of food-borne gastroenteritis worldwide, linked to the consumption of contaminated poultry meat. Targeting this pathogen at source, vaccines for poultry can provide short-term caecal reductions in Campylobacter numbers in the chicken intestine. However, this approach is unlikely to reduce Campylobacter in the food chain or human incidence.

Epistasis, core-genome disharmony, and adaptation in recombining bacteria.

Recombination of short DNA fragments via horizontal gene transfer (HGT) can introduce beneficial alleles, create genomic disharmony through negative epistasis, and create adaptive gene combinations through positive epistasis. For non-core (accessory) genes, the negative epistatic cost is likely to be minimal because the incoming genes have not co-evolved with the recipient genome and are frequently observed as tightly linked cassettes with major effects. By contrast, interspecific recombination in the core genome is expected to be rare because disruptive allelic replacement is likely to introduce negative epistasis.

Psychometric evaluation of the near activity visual questionnaire presbyopia (NAVQ-P) and additional patient-reported outcome items.

Background: The Near Visual Acuity Questionnaire Presbyopia (NAVQ-P) is a patient-reported outcome (PRO) measure that was developed in a phakic presbyopia population to assess near vision function impacts. The study refined and explored the psychometric properties and score interpretability of the NAVQ-P and additional PRO items assessing near vision correction independence (NVCI), near vision satisfaction (NVS), and near vision correction preference (NVCP).

Methods: This was a psychometric validation study conducted using PRO data collected as part of a Phase IIb clinical trial (CUN8R44 A2202) consisting of 235 randomized adults with presbyopia from the US, Japan, Australia, and Canada.

Commercial farmed swine harbour a variety of pathogenic bacteria and antimicrobial resistance genes.

The northern region of Thailand serves as a crucial area for swine production, contributing to the Thai community food supply. Previous studies have highlighted the presence of foodborne bacterial pathogens originating from swine farms in this region, posing a threat to both human and animal health. Multiple swine bacterial pathogens have been studied at a species level, but the distribution and co-occurrence of bacterial pathogens in agricultural swine has not been well established.

Recombination-mediated dissemination of Methicillin-resistant S. aureus clonal complex 1 in the Egyptian health care settings.

Background: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a rapidly evolving pathogen that is frequently associated with outbreaks and sustained epidemics. This study investigated the population structure, resistome, virulome, and the correlation between antimicrobial resistance determinants with phenotypic resistance profiles of 36 representative hospital-acquired MRSA isolates recovered from hospital settings in Egypt.

Results: The community-acquired MRSA lineage, clonal complex 1 (CC1) was the most frequently detected clone, followed by three other globally disseminated clones, CC121, CC8, and CC22.

Evidence of potential zooanthroponosis in captive macaque populations.

Non-human primates share recent common ancestry with humans and exhibit comparable disease symptoms. Here, we explored the transmission potential of enteric bacterial pathogens in monkeys exhibiting symptoms of recurrent diarrhoea in a biomedical research facility in China. The common zoonotic bacterium was isolated from macaques ( and ) and compared to isolates from humans and agricultural animals in Asia.

Contrasting genes conferring short- and long-term biofilm adaptation in .

is an opportunistic food-borne bacterium that is capable of infecting humans with high rates of hospitalization and mortality. Natural populations are genotypically and phenotypically variable, with some lineages being responsible for most human infections. The success of is linked to its capacity to persist on food and in the environment.

Colistin resistance and resistance determinants are mobile among isolates from diseased and healthy pigs in Thailand.

is an important enteric pathogen that poses a threat to human and livestock animal health, with emerging multidrug resistance (MDR) a major public health issue globally. We investigated the prevalence of in healthy and diseased pigs from Thai pig farms and determined their phenotypic and genotypic antimicrobial resistance profiles. A total of 150 fecal samples were collected from pigs housed in pens from four separate pig farms in southern Thailand and tested for the presence of .

Repeated out-of-Africa expansions of Helicobacter pylori driven by replacement of deleterious mutations.

Helicobacter pylori lives in the human stomach and has a population structure resembling that of its host. However, H. pylori from Europe and the Middle East trace substantially more ancestry from modern African populations than the humans that carry them.

Genome-based analysis of infrequent serotypes through the Thai pork production chain.

is a prevalent zoonotic foodborne pathogen. Swine and pork are implicated as important sources of salmonellosis in humans. In Chiang Mai and Lamphun Provinces in northern Thailand, there has been a high prevalence of persistence for over a decade.

Spatiotemporal Investigation of Antibiotic Resistance in the Urban Water Cycle Influenced by Environmental and Anthropogenic Activity.

With increasing emergence of antimicrobial resistant bacteria (ARB) and the risk this poses to public health, there are growing concerns regarding water pollution contributing to the spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) through inadequate amenities and the rapid rate of urbanization. In this study, the impact of different anthropogenic factors on the prevalence of AMR in the urban water cycle in Stellenbosch, South Africa (SA) was examined. Carbapenem, colistin, gentamicin and sulfamethoxazole resistant Gram-negative bacteria were recovered by selectively culturing aqueous, biofilm and sediment samples from sites impacted to varying degrees by informal settlements, residential, industrial, and agricultural activities, as well as a municipal wastewater treatment works (WWTW).

Local accessory gene sharing among Egyptian potentially promotes the spread of antimicrobial resistance.

is the most common cause of bacterial gastroenteritis worldwide, and diarrhoeal disease is a major cause of child morbidity, growth faltering and mortality in low- and middle-income countries. Despite evidence of high incidence and differences in disease epidemiology, there is limited genomic data from studies in developing countries. In this study, we aimed to quantify the extent of gene sharing in local and global populations.

Signatures of selection in core and accessory genomes indicate different ecological drivers of diversification among Bacillus cereus clades.

Bacterial clades are often ecologically distinct, despite extensive horizontal gene transfer (HGT). How selection works on different parts of bacterial pan-genomes to drive and maintain the emergence of clades is unclear. Focusing on the three largest clades in the diverse and well-studied Bacillus cereus sensu lato group, we identified clade-specific core genes (present in all clade members) and then used clade-specific allelic diversity to identify genes under purifying and diversifying selection.

Stereoselective metabolism of chloramphenicol by bacteria isolated from wastewater, and the importance of stereochemistry in environmental risk assessments for antibiotics.

Wastewater treatment plants have been highlighted as a potential hotspot for the development and spread of antibiotic resistance. Although antibiotic resistant bacteria in wastewater present a public health threat, it is also possible that these bacteria play an important role in the bioremediation through the metabolism of antibiotics before they reach the wider environment. Here we address this possibility with a particular emphasis on stereochemistry using a combination of microbiology and analytical chemistry tools including the use of supercritical-fluid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry for chiral analysis and high-resolution mass spectrometry to investigate metabolites.