The relatives of people with depression: A systematic review and methodological critique of qualitative studies.

Being a close relative of a person with depression can take a heavy toll on the former, but these relatives are increasingly made responsible for taking on extensive carer roles. Research on relatives of people with depression is currently dominated by a focus on "carer burden" and although such a focus can explain many relatives' experiences and daily lives, it provides very limited insight into the everyday life of a person living with someone with depression. Therefore, we scoped qualitative research on people who are relatives of people living with depression and identified knowledge gaps caused by explicit or implicit theoretical or methodological assumptions.

Power and dialogue: A review of discursive research.

Collaborative-dialogic approaches to family therapy advise therapists to take a position of client-as-expert and promote an equality of multiple perspectives. This has led to debates about how to conceptualize power in dialogical therapies with scholars theorizing and researching power as social and negotiated through interaction. We aimed to understand power in dialogical therapy through reviewing discursive research on therapeutic conversations.

A conversation analysis of therapist repeats in open dialogue network meetings.

Writings on Open Dialogue approaches to working with families experiencing mental distress emphasize the importance of the therapist repeating the family's words back to them verbatim. Repeats are theorized to display the therapist's listening and to encourage elaboration without imposing the therapist's own interpretations or conclusions on the family. These recommendations have not been subjected to rigorous interactional investigation.

Implementing Open Dialogue approaches: A scoping review.

Open Dialogue approaches fall broadly into the area of systemic psychotherapeutic practices. They encourage active participation of families and social networks, and emphasize genuine collaboration within highly integrated systems of health-care service delivery. These approaches are currently being implemented in a growing number of services across the globe, and in this review, we summarize and discuss insights from papers concerned with the implementation of Open Dialogue.

Downgrading Deontic Authority in Open Dialogue Reflection Proposals: A Conversation Analysis.

The Open Dialogue approach promotes collaboration with clients and families in decisions about the direction of therapy. This creates potential problems for Open Dialogue therapists who seek collaboration but also have responsibility for managing the session. Using conversation analysis, we examined 14 hours of video recordings of Open Dialogue sessions, and specifically how therapists proposed the transition to a reflecting conversation.

Eliciting Stance and Mitigating Therapist Authority in Open Dialogue Meetings.

Open Dialogue is a collaborative systemic approach to working with families in crisis. A core feature is the creation of dialogue through the elicitation of a multiplicity of voices. Using conversation analysis, we studied 14 hr of Open Dialogue sessions.

"Y, what do you think about what X just said?" Conversation analysis of stance-eliciting questions in open dialogue network meetings.

Open dialogue is a resource-oriented approach to mental health, which aims to help those involved in a crisis situation support each other and engage in dialogue. While language use in open dialogue is generally characterized as being open-ended, nondirective, and nonevaluating on the professionals' side, little is known about the specific conversational features. The aim of this study was to analyze the interactional functions of a stance-eliciting question of the form: "Y, what do you think about what X just said?" We used conversation analysis (CA) to examine this in eight video-recorded Danish open dialogue network meetings.

Physical activity and cognition in young-onset Parkinson's disease.

Background: A relationship has been observed between physical activity and cognition in older-onset Parkinson's disease, as well as improvements in cognition after a physical activity intervention. To date, this has not been investigated in young-onset Parkinson's disease (YOPD).

Objectives: To examine the baseline relationship between physical activity and cognition in YOPD; and to examine whether a physical activity intervention can improve cognition in YOPD.

Naturalistic Measurement of Sleep in Older Adults with Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment: Anxiety Symptoms Do Not Explain Sleep Disturbance.

Background: Sleep disturbance is prevalent in Alzheimer's disease (AD). In amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI), the preclinical stage of AD, deterioration in sleep quality has also been reported. Consensus is lacking, however, regarding what aspects of sleep are characteristically affected, whether the setting of the sleep recordings impacts these findings, and whether anxiety may account for the differences.

Conversation Analysis and Family Therapy: A Critical Review of Methodology.

This article critiques the use of conversation analysis (CA) as applied to the study of family therapy. Searches of relevant databases and journals as well as citation searches were conducted in April 2018 for relevant articles. Inclusion criteria included the explicit use of CA either solely or in combination with discourse analysis and discursive psychology.

Mediators of burden and depression in dementia family caregivers: Kinship differences.

Objectives: To investigate kinship differences in the caregiver stress process by developing multiple mediation models for two distinct caregiver subgroups (spouses and adult children of older adults living with dementia). The effect of four potential mediating variables (mastery, self-efficacy, satisfaction with social support, positive caregiving appraisals) on the relationship between perceived burden and depression was evaluated.

Method: Family caregivers of a person living with dementia were recruited through national dementia and carer organisations.

Compromised Motor Dexterity Confounds Processing Speed Task Outcomes in Stroke Patients.

Most conventional measures of information processing speed require motor responses to facilitate performance. However, although not often addressed clinically, motor impairment, whether due to age or acquired brain injury, would be expected to confound the outcome measure of such tasks. The current study recruited 29 patients (20 stroke and 9 transient ischemic attack) with documented reduction in dexterity of the dominant hand, and 29 controls, to investigate the extent to which 3 commonly used processing speed measures with varying motor demands (a Visuo-Motor Reaction Time task, and the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-IV Symbol Search and Coding subtests) may be measuring motor-related speed more so than cognitive speed.

Face-name memory training in subjective memory decline: how does office-based training translate to everyday situations?

This study aimed to examine whether people with subjective memory decline (SMD) benefit from face-name memory training (single session) as much as older adult controls in an office-based setting. Approximately 2 months later, groups were reassessed for translation to a naturalistic setting. In the office setting, there was a significant interaction between stimulus type (cued name; uncued name) and training condition (spaced retrieval, semantic association, no training), but no group differences nor interactions.

Prospective memory and subjective memory decline: A neuropsychological indicator of memory difficulties in community-dwelling older people.

Introduction: Prospective memory difficulties are known to occur in Alzheimer's disease, and may provide an early indicator of cognitive decline. Older people reporting high levels of subjective memory decline (SMD) but without evidence of cognitive decline on standard neuropsychological tests are increasingly considered at increased risk for Alzheimer's disease. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate whether prospective memory performance is differentially impaired in older people reporting high levels of SMD as compared to a control group.

Naturalistic prospective memory in older adults: Predictors of performance on a habitual task.

Age-related difficulties in episodic prospective memory (PM) are common. However, little is known about habitual PM, which involves remembering to carry out intended actions that are regular and repeated. This is important for many health-related tasks and for maintaining independence in daily living activities.

Better Objective Sleep Quality in Older Adults with High Subjective Memory Decline.

Background: Sleep disturbance is implicated in memory function across normal aging and neurodegenerative disease. Furthermore, there is mounting evidence to suggest that high levels of subjective memory decline (SMD) may signal very early neurodegenerative changes associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD). This view prompts research examining the relationship between SMD and other risk factors for cognitive decline, including sleep disturbance.

Beyond Neglect: Preliminary Evidence of Retrospective Time Estimation Abnormalities in Non-Neglect Stroke and Transient Ischemic Attack Patients.

Perception of the passage of time is essential for safe planning and navigation of everyday activities. Findings from the literature have demonstrated a gross underestimation of time interval in right-hemisphere damaged neglect patients, but not in non-neglect unilaterally-damaged patients, compared to controls. This study aimed to investigate retrospective estimation of the duration of a target detection task over two occasions, in 30 stroke patients (12 left-side stroke 15 right-side stroke, and 3 right-side stroke with neglect) and 10 transient ischemic attack patients, relative to 31 age-matched controls.

Objective but not subjective sleep predicts memory in community-dwelling older adults.

Research on the relationship between habitual sleep patterns and memory performance in older adults is limited. No previous study has used objective and subjective memory measures in a large, older-aged sample to examine the association between sleep and various domains of memory. The aim of this study was to examine the association between objective and subjective measures of sleep with memory performance in older adults, controlling for the effects of potential confounds.

The Contribution of Prospective Memory Performance to the Neuropsychological Assessment of Mild Cognitive Impairment.

Objective: Prospective memory difficulties are a feature of the amnestic form of mild cognitive impairment (aMCI). Although comprehensive test batteries of prospective memory are suitable for clinical practice, they are lengthy, which has detracted from their widespread clinical use. Our aim was to investigate the utility of a brief screening measure of prospective memory, which can be incorporated into a clinical neuropsychological assessment.

Making sense of self in Alzheimer's disease: reflective function and memory.

Objective: The current investigation examined the relationship between cognitive impairment and sense of self in Alzheimer's disease (AD).

Method: Forty-nine participants with dementia associated with AD were recruited through memory clinics in Victoria, Australia. The 26 participants of the healthy control sample were recruited from a retirement village.

Strategies for improving memory: a randomized trial of memory groups for older people, including those with mild cognitive impairment.

Background: Governments are promoting the importance of maintaining cognitive health into older age to minimize risk of cognitive decline and dementia. Older people with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) are particularly vulnerable to memory challenges in daily activities and are seeking ways to maintain independent living.

Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of memory groups for improving memory strategies and memory ability of older people, especially those with aMCI.

Reduced Benefit of Memory Elaboration in Older Adults with Subjective Memory Decline.

Background: Cognitive interventions for neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), are best targeted at the preclinical stages, and subjective memory decline (SMD) without objective memory impairment on standard tests in older adults may represent a very early preclinical stage. Elaborated encoding effectively enhances memory performance for healthy older adults (HOAs), but has not been examined in people with SMD.

Objective: To examine elaborated encoding in people with SMD, compared with HOAs.

Measuring intellectual ability in children with cerebral palsy: can we do better?

Standard intelligence tests such as the WPPSI-III have limitations when testing children with motor impairment. This study aimed to determine the proportion of children with cerebral palsy with sufficient verbal and motor skills to complete the WPPSI-III, to determine their comparative ability to complete tasks with and without a significant motor component, and to investigate short forms of the WPPSI-III as alternatives. Participants were 78 of 235 eligible 4-5 year old children with cerebral palsy resident in the Australian state of Victoria.