Possible clinical implications of the structural variations between the tympanic membrane quadrants.

Introduction: Retraction pockets and marginal perforations of the pars tensa of the tympanic membrane (TM) are most commonly found at superior posterior quadrant (SPQ). The patulous Eustachian tube tends to manifest in the same quadrant. Variation in the structure of the TM may explain these observations.

Analysis of Sex-related Differences in Patients with Dysphagia: Using a Videofluoroscopy.

Background: Dysphagia is a common symptom with diverse etiologies and refers to disorders of the process of swallowing food or fluids. Many studies have reported the anatomical and functional differences between men and women in swallowing in healthy patients; however, sex discrepancies in symptomatic patients have not often been studied.

Objectives: To compare the performance of men and women with dysphagia using videofluoroscopy.

Differences in craniofacial morphology between platybasic and nonplatybasic patients with velopharyngeal dysfunction and control subjects.

Introduction: This study aimed to identify the characteristics of cranial-base morphology in platybasic and nonplatybasic patients with palatal anomalies and velopharyngeal dysfunction (VPD) compared with control subjects to investigate structural factors related to craniofacial morphology that affect the nasopharyngeal space and may influence velopharyngeal function, and to develop precise treatments for specific patients with VPD.

Methods: Three hundred eighty-six patients with VPD and various palatal anomalies were studied retrospectively. The control group included 126 healthy patients with normal speech.

Nivolumab-induced diffuse type 2 rhinosinusitis: A case report.

Background: Nivolumab, an immune checkpoint inhibitor is used to treat advanced metastatic malignancies. Data showed that nivolumab can cause exacerbated response of T-Helper 2 cells and lead to airway inflammation.

Objective: To present the upper airway findings of a 69-year-old woman after treatment with nivolumab.

Is there a correlation between skull base flexure and palatal anomalies in patients with 22q11 deletion syndrome and velopharyngeal dysfunction?

The study aimed at assessing the relationship between skull base morphology, represented by skull base and nasopharyngeal angles, and palatal anatomy among patients with 22q11DS and velopharyngeal dysfunction. Retrospective analysis of patients with 22q11DS and velopharyngeal dysfunction. Age, sex, severity of velopharyngeal dysfunction, type of cleft (overt cleft palate, submucous cleft palate, occult submucous cleft palate, or no-CP, and cephalometric skull base angles were reviewed.

[UNCONTROLLED PENETRATION OF THE DENTAL IMPLANT TO THE MAXILLARY SINUS - A COLLABORATION BETWEEN ENT AND ORAL AND MAXILLOFACIAL SURGERY].

Introduction: The popularity of dental implants is continuously increasing. Displacement of implants into the maxillary sinus is a well-documented complication following this treatment.

Aims: To characterize patients treated in our institution for uncontrolled penetration of dental implants into the maxillary sinus, and highlight the importance of the multidisciplinary approach in treating these cases.

FDG-PET/CT for diagnosis and follow-up of necrotizing (malignant) external otitis.

Objective: Imaging is important for the diagnosis and follow-up of necrotizing external otitis (NEO). The best imaging modality is controversy. To suggest 2-deoxy-2-[fluorine-18] fluoro-D-glucose-positron emission tomography/computed tomography (18F-FDG-PET/CT) as an alternative to technetium-99m and gallium-67 scans for diagnosis and assessment of response to treatment for patients with NEO.

Craniofacial structure variations in patients with palatal anomalies and velopharyngeal dysfunction.

Purpose: Cephalometric evaluation of craniofacial and craniopharyngeal morphology is important for understanding the factors affecting velopharyngeal dysfunction (VPD) in patients with palatal anomalies.

Materials And Methods: In this study, 366 patients with VPD were retrospectively stratified into cleft lip and palate (CLP), cleft palate (CP), submucous cleft palate (SMCP), occult submucous cleft palate (OSMCP), and non-CP groups. Lateral cephalometrics were used to assess craniofacial, craniopharyngeal, and velopharyngeal anatomy.

Butterfly myringoplasty for total, subtotal, and annular perforations.

Objectives/hypothesis: The inlay "butterfly" cartilage tympanoplasty was first described as a treatment for small, central ear drum perforations. This technique can also be applied in large, marginal perforations, whereas the cartilage graft is anchored on the bony annulus. The aim of this study was to present the technique, to evaluate the results of butterfly tympanoplasty in marginal perforations, and to compare with the results of butterfly tympanoplasty in patients with nonmarginal perforations.

Cochlear implantation via round window or cochleostomy: Effect on hearing in an animal model.

Objectives/hypothesis: Cochlear implantation in patients with residual hearing has increased interest in hearing preservation. Two major surgical approaches to implantation have been devised: via the round window membrane and through cochleostomy. However, the advantages of either approach on hearing preservation have not been established.

Malignant external otitis: Factors predicting patient outcomes.

Objective: Malignant external otitis (MEO) is an aggressive infection, primarily affecting elderly diabetic patients. It begins in the external ear canal and spreads to adjacent structures. This study investigated the clinical characteristics of patients diagnosed and treated for MEO and analyzed factors affecting patient outcomes.

Hearing loss patterns after cochlear implantation via the round window in an animal model.

Purpose: The mechanism and the type of hearing loss induced by cochlear implants are mostly unknown. Therefore, this study evaluated the impact and type of hearing loss induced by each stage of cochlear implantation surgery in an animal model.

Study Design: Original basic research animal study.

Hearing Loss After Vestibular Implantation in Sand Rats With Normal Hearing.

Importance: Bilateral vestibular failure is a debilitating condition that may lead to oscillopia and adversely affect quality of life. Researchers have suggested that vestibular function might be restored with implantation of an external mechanical stimulation device. However, it is essential that such a device must not interfere with normal hearing.

Predicting hearing thresholds in occupational noise-induced hearing loss by auditory steady state responses.

Objectives: Currently available behavioral tools for the assessment of noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL) depend on the reliable cooperation of the subject. Furthermore, in workers' compensation cases, there is considerable financial gain to be had from exaggerating symptoms, such that accurate assessment of true hearing threshold levels is essential. An alternative objective physiologic tool for assessing NIHL is the auditory steady state response (ASSR) test, which combines frequency specificity with a high level of auditory stimulation, making it applicable for the evaluation of subjects with a moderate to severe deficit.

Effect of cochlear window fixation on air- and bone-conduction thresholds.

Hypothesis: In the absence of patent cochlear windows, cochlear fluid inertia depends on the presence of a "third window" as a major component of the bone-conduction response.

Background: Studies have shown conflicting results regarding changes in air and bone conduction whenever, the round window, oval window, or both windows were occluded.

Method: The study was performed in a tertiary university-affiliated medical center.

Inlay "butterfly" cartilage tympanoplasty.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to analyze the outcome of inlay "butterfly" cartilage tympanoplasty.

Methods: The files of 42 patients (24 were male, 18 were female) who underwent primary or revision inlay butterfly cartilage tympanoplasty in 2005 to 2011 at a tertiary medical center were reviewed. Patients were regularly observed by otoscopy and audiometry.

Prediction of aided and unaided audiograms using sound-field auditory steady-state evoked responses.

Objective: To assess sound field auditory thresholds of hearing-impaired adults by using auditory steady-state evoked responses (ASSRs).

Design: ASSRs were recorded to carrier frequencies of 500, 1000, 2000, and 4000 Hz, each uniquely modulated at a single frequency of 80-100 Hz. ASSR thresholds were compared to behavioral auditory thresholds.

Cochlear hearing loss in patients with Laron syndrome.

The aim of this prospective clinical study was to test auditory function in patients with Laron syndrome, either untreated or treated with insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I). The study group consisted of 11 patients with Laron syndrome: 5 untreated adults, 5 children and young adults treated with replacement IGF-I starting at bone age <2 years, and 1 adolescent who started replacement therapy at bone age 4.6 years.

Early tongue carcinoma: analysis of failure.

Background: Failure rate of surgery for early tongue carcinoma remains high. We sought to identify patterns of failure and recurrence risk factors.

Methods: Data review was carried out on 50 patients treated for early tongue carcinoma (T1/2N0M0); surgery was unsuccessful in 11 of these patients.

Superior canal dehiscence effect on hearing thresholds: animal model.

Objective: Superior semicircular dehiscence syndrome is associated with vestibular symptoms and an air-bone gap component in the audiogram, apparently caused by the creation of a pathological bony "third window" in the superior semicircular canal. The aim of this study was to evaluate changes in auditory air- and bone-conduction thresholds to low- and high-frequency stimuli in an animal model of a bony fenestration facing the aerated mastoid cavity.

Study Design: Anatomic, audiological.

Malignant external otitis: analysis of severe cases.

Objective: To study the effect of specific clinical, laboratory, and imaging parameters on the course of severe (type 1) malignant external otitis (MEO).

Study Design: Case series with chart review.

Setting: Tertiary, university-affiliated medical center.

Fungal malignant external otitis.

Objective: To investigate the clinical characteristics and outcome of fungal malignant external otitis (MEO).

Methods: The files of 60 patients treated for MEO in 1990-2008 at a tertiary medical center were reviewed for clinical characteristics and outcome, and findings were compared between patients with fungal and nonfungal infection.

Results: Mean duration of follow-up was 4 years.

Animal model of cochlear third window in the scala vestibuli or scala tympani.

Hypothesis: The auditory impact of a cochlear third window differs by its location in the scala vestibuli or scala tympani.

Background: Pathologic third window has been investigated primarily in the vestibular apparatus of animals and humans. Dehiscence of the superior semicircular canal is the clinical model.

A third window of the posterior semicircular canal: an animal model.

Objectives/hypothesis: A third window in the vestibular apparatus has been investigated in both animals and humans, specifically in superior semicircular canal dehiscence. There are as yet no animal model studies of the effect of a third vestibular window of the posterior semicircular canal.

Study Design: Original basic research study.