Publications by authors named "Ben M Hause"

Article Synopsis
  • Equine rotavirus species A genotypes G3P[12] and G14P[12] are major causes of foal diarrhea, impacting the equine industry economically and showing potential for zoonotic transmission to humans, as seen in past outbreaks of severe gastroenteritis in children.
  • Traditional cell culture methods for isolating rotaviruses are ineffective for ERVA, but researchers successfully isolated both strains using engineered cell lines with reduced antiviral immunity, revealing genetic similarities and differences that affect their ability to invoke immune responses.
  • The study highlights limited cross-neutralization between G3P[12] and G14P[12], which explains increased diarrhea outbreaks in foals despite immunity from vaccines targeting G3P[12], paving
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The global distribution and ongoing evolution of type A swine influenza virus (IAV-S) continue to pose significant challenges against developing broadly protective vaccines to control swine influenza. This study focuses on the hemagglutinin (HA) consensus-based approach towards developing a more broadly protective swine influenza vaccine against various H3 strains circulating in domestic pig populations. By computationally analyzing >1000 swine H3 full-length HA sequences, we generated a consensus H3 and expressed it in the context of influenza A WSN/33 reverse genetics system.

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Article Synopsis
  • * The human monoclonal antibody 38C2, derived from this system, targets H1 hemagglutinins and shows significant antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC), but does not neutralize the H1N1 virus.
  • * Further research highlights that 38C2 binds to a conserved part of the H1N1 virus and exhibits a unique way of activating immune responses, suggesting its potential as a treatment for influenza in humans.
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Influenza C virus (ICV) is increasingly associated with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in children and its disease severity is worse than the influenza B virus, but similar to influenza A virus associated CAP. Despite the ubiquitous infection landscape of ICV in humans, little is known about its replication and pathobiology in animals. The goal of this study was to understand the replication kinetics, tissue tropism, and pathogenesis of human ICV (huICV) in comparison to the swine influenza D virus (swIDV) in guinea pigs.

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A nearly complete genome sequence of hepatovirus G was isolated from an Eptesicus fuscus bat submitted for rabies virus testing due to human exposure in South Dakota. The predicted polyprotein sequence was 78.2% and 74.

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While rotavirus (RV) is primarily known to cause gastroenteritis in many animals, several epidemiological studies have shown concurrent respiratory symptoms with fecal and nasal virus shedding. However, respiratory RV infections have rarely been investigated. By screening clinical samples submitted for diagnostic testing, porcine rotavirus A (RVA) was detected by quantitative reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR) in 28 out of 91 (30.

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Antibodies to influenza D virus (IDV) have been detected in horses, but no evidence of disease in the field has been reported. To determine whether IDV is infectious, immunogenic, and pathogenic in horses, four 2-year-old horses seronegative for both influenza A (H3N8) and D viruses were intranasally inoculated with 6.25 × 10 TCID/animal of D/bovine/California/0363/2019 (D/CA2019) virus, using a portable equine nebulizer system.

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Bats are a reservoir for coronaviruses (CoVs) that periodically spill over to humans, as evidenced by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and SARS-CoV-2. A collection of 174 bat samples originating from South Dakota, Minnesota, Iowa, and Nebraska submitted for rabies virus testing due to human exposure were analyzed using a pan-coronavirus PCR. A previously partially characterized CoV, bat CoV, was identified in 12 (6.

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Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) is the most significant cause of cattle morbidity and mortality worldwide. This multifactorial disease has a complex aetiology. Dogma posits a primary viral infection followed by secondary bacterial pneumonia.

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In 1978, canine parvovirus type 2 originated from spillover of a feline panleukopenia-like virus, causing a worldwide pandemic of enteritis and myocarditis among canids. In 2020, the virus was identified in pigs in South Dakota, USA, by PCR, sequencing, in situ hybridization, and serology. Genetic analysis suggests spillover from wildlife.

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Bats are a reservoir for many zoonotic viruses and host large numbers of genetically diverse species in the families , , and . Viruses from these families have repeatedly spilled over to humans in recent decades, causing significant clinical disease and deaths. Here, metagenomic sequencing of a big brown bat (Eptesicus fuscus) submitted for rabies testing due to human exposure identified a novel paramyxovirus, Eptesicus fuscus orthorubulavirus (EfORV), in South Dakota, United States.

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A novel clade of RNA viruses was identified in the mammalian gastrointestinal tract by next-generation sequencing. Phylogenetically, these viruses are related to the genera (plant viruses) and , which includes mammalian, avian and insect hosts. Named in line with their characterization as stool-associated Tombus-like viruses, it is unclear if statoviruses infect mammals or are dietary in origin.

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Bovine enteric disease has a complex etiology that can include viral, bacterial, and parasitic pathogens and is a significant source of losses due to morbidity and mortality. Boosepivirus was identified in calves with enteric disease with unclear etiology in Japan in 2009 and has not been reported elsewhere. Metagenomic sequencing and PCR here identified boosepivirus in bovine enteric disease diagnostic submissions from six states in the USA with 98% sequence identity to members of the species Boosepivirus B.

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Porcine respiratory disease complex (PRDC) is a significant source of morbidity and mortality, manifested by pneumonia of multiple etiologies, where a variety of pathogens and environment and management practices play a role in the disease. Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), influenza A virus (IAV), and porcine circovirus 2 (PCV2) are well-established pathogens in PRDC. Porcine parvovirus 2 (PPV2) has been identified in both healthy and clinically diseased pigs at a high prevalence worldwide.

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Equine rotavirus group A (ERVA) is one of the most common causes of foal diarrhea. Starting in February 2021, there was an increase in the frequency of severe watery to hemorrhagic diarrhea cases in neonatal foals in Central Kentucky. Diagnostic investigation of fecal samples failed to detect evidence of diarrhea-causing pathogens including ERVA.

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Swine influenza A virus (SIV) is both a pathogen of economic significance to the swine industry and a potential zoonotic organism that may be transmitted to humans. We described here the detailed characterization of a role of N-terminal B-loop and CD helix of HA2 in swine influenza A virus replication. Results of our experiments demonstrated that Hemagglutinin (HA) protein of swine influenza virus could tolerate some mutations in functionally conserved B-loop and CD helix.

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Article Synopsis
  • Influenza D virus (IDV) primarily infects cattle and is prevalent in North America and Eurasia.
  • A new group of IDV has been found in U.S. cattle herds, showing a wide range of immune responses.
  • This new IDV group is genetically distinct from previously identified strains of the virus.
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Immunization with an insect cell lysate/baculovirus mixture containing recombinant porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) spike protein induced high levels of neutralizing antibodies in both mice and piglets. However, immunization of piglets with this vaccine resulted in enhancement of disease symptoms and virus replication in vaccine recipients exposed to PEDV challenge. Thus, these observations demonstrate a previously unrecognized challenge of PEDV vaccine research, which has important implications for coronavirus vaccine development.

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Bovine viral diarrhea viruses (BVDV) are significant pathogens of cattle, leading to losses associated with reproductive failure, respiratory disease and immune dysregulation. While cattle are the reservoir for BVDV, a wide range of domestic and wild ruminants are susceptible to infection and disease caused by BVDV. Samples from four American bison (Bison bison) from a captive herd were submitted for diagnostic testing due to their general unthriftiness.

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Bats are a host and reservoir for a large number of viruses, many of which are zoonotic. In North America, the big brown bat () is widely distributed and common. Big brown bats are a known reservoir for rabies virus, which, combined with their propensity to roost in human structures, necessitates testing for rabies virus following human exposure.

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Article Synopsis
  • * A recent study identified a novel virus, named EfDRV, in big brown bats in South Dakota, showing similarities to human retroviruses that can cause T-cell lymphoma.
  • * Detection of EfDRV in 6.7% of tested bats and its potential regulation mechanisms signal a need for more research to understand its risk to humans, especially since these bats often roost in close proximity to people.
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Influenza remains a global health risk and challenge. Currently, neuraminidase (NA) inhibitors are extensively used to treat influenza, but their efficacy is compromised by the emergence of drug-resistant variants. Neutralizing antibodies targeting influenza A virus surface glycoproteins are critical components of influenza therapeutic agents and may provide alternative strategies to the existing countermeasures.

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Article Synopsis
  • Influenza C virus (ICV) mainly affects children with mild respiratory symptoms, but can cause severe illness in infants and is less researched compared to influenza A and B.
  • A new human strain of ICV, called C/Victoria/2/2012 (C/Vic), was isolated from a child with acute respiratory disease and shows unique genetic features compared to other ICV isolates.
  • Structural modeling of the virus's HEF protein revealed mutations that may affect its antigenic properties, offering a basis for future studies on ICV's evolution and characteristics.
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  • There's an urgent need for a broad-spectrum vaccine to combat various strains of swine influenza.
  • Pre-exposure to a specific live virus significantly reduced viral shedding in vaccinated pigs when exposed to different H1N1 and H3N2 strains.
  • Even though vaccinated pigs showed high levels of neutralizing antibodies against the vaccine strain, their response to challenge strains was suboptimal, suggesting other immune mechanisms may be involved in the protection observed.
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  • Porcine parainfluenza virus type 1 (PPIV-1) is a recently identified virus linked to respiratory diseases in pigs, first detected in Hong Kong in 2013 but not yet experimentally studied in swine.
  • A study conducted on 842 swine samples from the U.S. between 2016-2017 found a high prevalence of PPIV-1 at 43.3%, indicating it may be common among pigs.
  • The researchers successfully isolated two strains of PPIV-1 and developed specific monoclonal antibodies, which can aid in understanding the virus's effects and improving diagnostic methods.
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