UK Biobank-A Unique Resource for Discovery and Translation Research on Genetics and Neurologic Disease.

UK Biobank is a large-scale prospective study with extensive genetic and phenotypic data from half a million adults. Participants, aged 40 to 69, were recruited from the general UK population between 2006 and 2010. During recruitment, participants completed questionnaires covering lifestyle and medical history, underwent physical measurements, and provided biological samples for long-term storage.

Unequal impact of COVID-19 on excess deaths, life expectancy, and premature mortality in Spanish regions (2020-2021).

Objective: We aimed to estimate regional inequalities in excess deaths and premature mortality in Spain during 2020 and 2021, before high vaccination coverage against COVID-19.

Method: With data from the National Institute of Statistics, within each region, sex, and age group, we estimated the excess deaths, the change in life expectancy at birth (e) and age 65 (e) and years of life lost as the difference between the observed and expected deaths using a time series analysis of 2015-2019 data and life expectancies based on Lee-Carter forecasting using 2010-2019 data.

Results: From January 2020 to June 2021, an estimated 89,200 (men: 48,000; women: 41,200) excess deaths occurred in Spain with a substantial regional variability (highest in Madrid: 22,000, lowest in Canary Islands: -210).

Comparison of body composition measures assessed by bioelectrical impedance analysis versus dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry in the United Kingdom Biobank.

Background: Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) serves as common modalities for body composition assessment. This study was aimed to evaluate the agreement between BIA and DXA measures in UK Biobank.

Methods: UK Biobank participants with body fat mass (FM) and fat-free mass (FFM) estimates obtained through BIA (Tanita BC418MA) and DXA concurrently were included.

Adiposity, fat-free mass and incident heart failure in 500 000 individuals.

Background And Aims: The independent role of body fat distribution and fat-free mass in heart failure (HF) risk is unclear. We investigated the role of different body composition compartments in risk of HF.

Methods: Present analyses include 428 087 participants (mean age 55.

Waist-to-height ratio and body fat percentage as risk factors for ischemic cardiovascular disease: a prospective cohort study from UK Biobank.

Background: The independent effect of waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) and body fat percentage (BF%) on ischemic cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains uncertain.

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the independent associations of WHtR and BF% with ischemic CVD.

Methods: This prospective cohort study used data from the UK Biobank.

UK biobank: Enhanced assessment of the epidemiology and long-term impact of coronavirus disease-2019.

UK Biobank is an intensively characterised prospective cohort of 500,000 adults aged 40-69 years when recruited between 2006 and 2010. The study was established to enable researchers worldwide to undertake health-related research in the public interest. The existence of such a large, detailed prospective cohort with a high degree of participant engagement enabled its rapid repurposing for coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) research.

Prospective study design and data analysis in UK Biobank.

Population-based prospective studies, such as UK Biobank, are valuable for generating and testing hypotheses about the potential causes of human disease. We describe how UK Biobank's study design, data access policies, and approaches to statistical analysis can help to minimize error and improve the interpretability of research findings, with implications for other population-based prospective studies being established worldwide.

Associations of diabetes, hypertension and obesity with COVID-19 mortality: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Introduction: Despite a growing body of scholarly research on the risks of severe COVID-19 associated with diabetes, hypertension and obesity, there is a need for estimating pooled risk estimates with adjustment for confounding effects. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to estimate the pooled adjusted risk ratios of diabetes, hypertension and obesity on COVID-19 mortality.

Methods: We searched 16 literature databases for original studies published between 1 December 2019 and 31 December 2020.

Persistence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies over 18 months following infection: UK Biobank COVID-19 Serology Study.

Background: Little is known about the persistence of antibodies after the first year following SARS-CoV-2 infection. We aimed to determine the proportion of individuals that maintain detectable levels of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies over an 18-month period following infection.

Methods: Population-based prospective study of 20 000 UK Biobank participants and their adult relatives recruited in May 2020.

Lipoprotein Characteristics and Incident Coronary Heart Disease: Prospective Cohort of Nearly 90 000 Individuals in UK Biobank.

Background Associations of coronary heart disease (CHD) with plasma lipids are well described, but the associations with characteristics of lipoproteins (which transport lipids) remain unclear. Methods and Results UK Biobank is a prospective study of 0.5 million adults.

Use of Sex-Specific Body Mass Index to Optimize Low Correlation With Height and High Correlation With Fatness: A UK Biobank Study.

Body mass index (BMI; weight (kg)/height (m)2) is commonly used to measure general adiposity. However, evidence of its appropriateness for males and females remains inconsistent. We aimed to identify the most appropriate sex-specific power value that height should be raised to in the formula and the value that would make it achieve height independency and body fatness dependency.

Central Adiposity Increases Risk of Kidney Stone Disease through Effects on Serum Calcium Concentrations.

Significance Statement: Kidney stone disease is a common disorder with poorly understood pathophysiology. Observational and genetic studies indicate that adiposity is associated with an increased risk of kidney stone disease. However, the relative contribution of general and central adipose depots and the mechanisms by which effects of adiposity on kidney stone disease are mediated have not been defined.

Predictive value of metabolic profiling in cardiovascular risk scores: analysis of 75 000 adults in UK Biobank.

Background: Metabolic profiling (the extensive measurement of circulating metabolites across multiple biological pathways) is increasingly employed in clinical care. However, there is little evidence on the benefit of metabolic profiling as compared with established atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk scores.

Methods: UK Biobank is a prospective study of 0.

Social determinants of ethnic disparities in SARS-CoV-2 infection: UK Biobank SARS-CoV-2 Serology Study.

Background: The social determinants of ethnic disparities in risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection during the first wave of the pandemic in the UK remain unclear.

Methods: In May 2020, a total of 20 195 adults were recruited from the general population into the UK Biobank SARS-CoV-2 Serology Study. Between mid-May and mid-November 2020, participants provided monthly blood samples.

Health record hiccups-5,526 real-world time series with change points labelled by crowdsourced visual inspection.

Background: Large routinely collected data such as electronic health records (EHRs) are increasingly used in research, but the statistical methods and processes used to check such data for temporal data quality issues have not moved beyond manual, ad hoc production and visual inspection of graphs. With the prospect of EHR data being used for disease surveillance via automated pipelines and public-facing dashboards, automation of data quality checks will become increasingly valuable.

Findings: We generated 5,526 time series from 8 different EHR datasets and engaged >2,000 citizen-science volunteers to label the locations of all suspicious-looking change points in the resulting graphs.

Associations of circulating fatty acids with incident coronary heart disease: a prospective study of 89,242 individuals in UK Biobank.

Background: The role of fatty acids in coronary heart disease (CHD) remains uncertain. There is little evidence from large-scale epidemiological studies on the relevance of circulating fatty acids levels to CHD risk. This study aims to examine the independent associations of the major circulating types of fatty acids with CHD risk.

Body Composition and Risk of Incident Heart Failure in 1 Million Adults: A Systematic Review and Dose-Response Meta-Analysis of Prospective Cohort Studies.

Background The aim of this systematic review was to quantify the associations between body composition measures and risk of incident heart failure (HF) and its subtypes in the general population. Methods and Results We searched Medline, Embase, and Global Health databases from each database inception to January 19, 2023 for prospective studies reporting on body composition and HF risk. We followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines.

Socioeconomic inequalities of Long COVID: a retrospective population-based cohort study in the United Kingdom.

Objectives: To estimate the risk of Long COVID by socioeconomic deprivation and to further examine the inequality by sex and occupation.

Design: We conducted a retrospective population-based cohort study using data from the ONS COVID-19 Infection Survey between 26 April 2020 and 31 January 2022. This is the largest nationally representative survey of COVID-19 in the UK with longitudinal data on occupation, COVID-19 exposure and Long COVID.

Association between coeliac disease and cardiovascular disease: prospective analysis of UK Biobank data.

Objectives: To investigate whether people with coeliac disease are at increased risk of cardiovascular disease, including ischaemic heart disease, myocardial infarction, and stroke.

Design: Prospective analysis of a large cohort study.

Setting: UK Biobank database.

Adiposity, Body Fat Distribution, and Risk of Major Stroke Types Among Adults in the United Kingdom.

Importance: Uncertainty persists regarding the independent association of general and central adiposity with major stroke types.

Objective: To determine the independent associations of general and central adiposity with risk of ischemic stroke, intracerebral hemorrhage, and subarachnoid hemorrhage.

Design, Setting, And Participants: Between 2006 and 2010, adults without prior stroke at recruitment in England, Scotland, and Wales were recruited into the UK Biobank prospective cohort study and were followed up through linkage with electronic medical records.