First Tunisian Cluster Admissions of Critically Ill Patients with Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C).

Background: Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) is a new emerging severe disease that is temporally related to previous exposure to coronavirus infection disease (COVID-19).

Aim: To describe the clinical features, laboratory findings, therapies, and outcomes for the first Tunisian cluster admissions of critically ill children with severe MIS-C.

Methods: Retrospective study conducted from November 01 to November 30, 2020According to the WHO definition case, we included eight children aged less than 15 years who were admitted to our pediatric intensive care and met MIS-C criteria.

Mesenteric Defect with Internal Herniation: A Rare Cause of Bowel Obstruction in Newborn.

Herniation through a congenital mesenteric defect is a rare cause of intestinal obstruction in the newborn. Early diagnosis and surgical treatment improves the prognosis. We present a case of a full-term infant who presented with respiratory distress at birth.

International Nosocomial Infection Control Consortium (INICC) report, data summary of 43 countries for 2007-2012. Device-associated module.

We report the results of an International Nosocomial Infection Control Consortium (INICC) surveillance study from January 2007-December 2012 in 503 intensive care units (ICUs) in Latin America, Asia, Africa, and Europe. During the 6-year study using the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's (CDC) U.S.

Findings of the International Nosocomial Infection Control Consortium (INICC), part III: effectiveness of a multidimensional infection control approach to reduce central line-associated bloodstream infections in the neonatal intensive care units of 4 developing countries.

Objective: To analyze the impact of the International Nosocomial Infection Control Consortium (INICC) multidimensional infection control approach to reduce central line-associated bloodstream infection (CLABSI) rates.

Setting: Four neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) of INICC member hospitals from El Salvador, Mexico, Philippines, and Tunisia.

Patients: A total of 2,241 patients hospitalized in 4 NICUs for 40,045 bed-days.

Findings of the International Nosocomial Infection Control Consortium (INICC), Part II: Impact of a multidimensional strategy to reduce ventilator-associated pneumonia in neonatal intensive care units in 10 developing countries.

Design. Before-after prospective surveillance study to assess the efficacy of the International Nosocomial Infection Control Consortium (INICC) multidimensional infection control program to reduce the rate of occurrence of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP). Setting.

Neurological variant of Lemierre's Syndrome with purulent meningitis: a case report and literature review.

We report an unusual variant of Lemierre's Syndrome (LS) in a 10-year-old-girl admitted to the intensive care unit for septic shock with meningitis. The primary infection was otitis media. A gram negative bacillus was identified in the direct exam of the purulent ear discharge and the cerebrospinal fluid but cultures were negative.

Lidocaine toxicity secondary to local anesthesia administered in the community for elective circumcision.

We report three previously healthy infants aged, respectively, 23 days, 6 weeks, and 3 months with systemic lidocaine toxicity following administration of subcutaneous lidocaine for regional anesthesia during an elective circumcision. The patients developed a generalized seizure requiring endotracheal intubation but recovered fully with supportive care. We report the clinical details of these cases as well as a review of lidocaine toxicity.

[Outcome at 2 years of very premature infants. A Tunisian series].

Background: Neurodevelopmental outcome of very premature infant can be associated with a high rate of cerebral palsy.

Aim: To assess the impact of very preterm birth on neurological outcome at the age of two years.

Methods: Retrospective study of all cases of very premature infants born at less than 33 weeks of gestational age, during the years 2005 to 2007.

Management of meconium aspiration syndrome with highfrequency oscillatory ventilation.

Background: High-frequency oscillatory ventilation (HFOV) has been advocated for use to improve lung inflation while potentially decreasing lung injury. There were few data on the early use of HFOV in hypoxemic term neonates.

Aim: To evaluate the effectiveness of HFOV, used as the initial mode of ventilation, in neonates with severe meconium aspiration syndrome (MAS).

Datura stramonium L. poisoning in a geophagous child: a case report.

Datura stramonium L. (DS) is a wild-growing plant widely distributed and easily accessible. It contains a variety of toxic anticholinergic alkaloids such as atropine, hyoscamine, and scopolamine.

Fatal subdural empyema caused by Streptococcus constellatus and Actinomyces viscosus in a child--case report.

Group milleri streptococci that colonize the mouth and the upper airways are generally considered to be commensal. In combination with anaerobics, they are rarely responsible for brain abscesses in patients with certain predisposing factors. Mortality in such cases is high and complications are frequent.

Community acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus preseptal cellulitis complicated by zygomatic osteomylitis, cavernous sinus thrombosis and meningitis in a healthy child.

We report a case of community-acquired meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) preseptal cellulitis complicated by zygomatic osteomyelitis, cavernous sinus thrombosis, meningitis, and necroziting pneumonia in a previously healthy two and half month old girl. This case exemplifies an aggressive and disseminated CA-MRSA infection with deep venous thrombosis in an infant without predisposing risk factors. The literature is reviewed and recommendations for management are provided.

[Early neonatal infection caused by Streptococcus pneumonias: report of 3 cases].

Background: S pneumoniae is a rare cause (1-8 %) of maternofetal infection causing an important morbi-mortality in the newborn and the mother.

Aim: To report 3 cases of early neonatal infection due to S pneumonia.

Cases Report: Three cases of early neonatal infection due to S pneumoniae are reported.

Toxic epidermal necrolysis complicated by small bowel intussusception: a case report.

Intestinal involvement in toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) has been identified only rarely. We report a case of TEN complicated by small bowel intussusception. The patient was a previously healthy 8-year-old boy who presented with TEN and extensive lesions, including up to 40% of the body surface area as well as conjunctival, oropharyngeal, respiratory, and genital mucosa.

Multifocal atrial tachycardia: an unusual cause of cardiogenic shock in a newborn.

Background: Chaotic or multifocal atrial tachycardia (MAT) is a rare tachyarrhythmia in children, accounting for less than 1% of supraventricular tachycardia seen in childhood. The majority of children with MAT are healthy; a few may exhibit mild to life threatening cardiorespiratory disease.

Aim: To report a new case of MAT revealed by a severe respiratory distress and cardiogenic shock.

Hepatorenal injury induced by cutaneous application of Atractylis gummifera L.

Introduction: In Mediterranean countries, intoxication by Atractylis gummifera L. is frequent and characterized principally by hepatorenal injury, often fatal. Its toxicity after a cutaneous application is unknown.

[Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis associated with Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection in children: 2 case reports].

Background: Extrapulmonary complications of Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection are rare and dominated by nervous system disorders. Two patients suffering from acute disseminated encephalomyelitis associated with M. Pneumoniae infection are reported.

Unusual cause of severe toxic methemoglobinemia in an infant: a case report.

Toxic methemoglobinemia is an uncommon blood disorder induced by exposure to certain oxidizing agents and drugs. In severe cases, this condition may rapidly lead to major cardiopulmonary compromise and constitutes an emergency requiring prompt recognition and early management. We report an unusual case of severe toxic methemoglobinemia following wide cutaneous application of a pomade containing benzocaine, resorcin, and oxyquinoline (Nestosyl) in an infant.

International Nosocomial Infection Control Consortium (INICC) report, data summary for 2003-2008, issued June 2009.

We report the results of the International Infection Control Consortium (INICC) surveillance study from January 2003 through December 2008 in 173 intensive care units (ICUs) in Latin America, Asia, Africa, and Europe. During the 6-year study, using Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) US National Healthcare Safety Network (NHSN; formerly the National Nosocomial Infection Surveillance system [NNIS]) definitions for device-associated health care-associated infection, we collected prospective data from 155,358 patients hospitalized in the consortium's hospital ICUs for an aggregate of 923,624 days. Although device utilization in the developing countries' ICUs was remarkably similar to that reported from US ICUs in the CDC's NHSN, rates of device-associated nosocomial infection were markedly higher in the ICUs of the INICC hospitals: the pooled rate of central venous catheter (CVC)-associated bloodstream infections (BSI) in the INICC ICUs, 7.

Acute respiratory failure revealing a multilocular thymic cyst in an infant: a case report.

Introduction: Multilocular thymic cysts are rare benign lesions of the neck and mediastinum that can occur at any age. In children, multilocular thymic cysts are usually symptomatic after the age of 2 years and produce few symptoms. We present an unusual case of a multilocular thymic cyst diagnosed in a 3-month-old girl and causing severe respiratory failure.

Epidemiology of hospital-acquired bloodstream infections in a Tunisian pediatric intensive care unit: a 2-year prospective study.

Background: There are few data providing rates of nosocomial bloodstream infections (NBI) in pediatric intensive care patients from developing regions of the world.

Objectives: To describe the epidemiology of NBI in a Tunisian pediatric intensive care unit (PICU).

Methods: A prospective surveillance study from January 2004 through December 2005 was performed in the PICU of the Children's Hospital of Tunis.